@article{fdi:010075293,
  title = {{M}eta-analysis and discussion on challenges to translate {L}eishmania drug resistance phenotyping into the clinic},
  author = {{S}ereno, {D}enis and {H}arrat, {Z}. and {E}ddaikra, {N}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}ntimicrobial resistance ({AMR}) threatens the prevention and treatment of infections caused by a large range of microorganisms. {L}eishmania is not an exception and treatment failure due to drug-resistant organisms is increasingly reported. {C}urrently, no molecular methods and marker are validated to track drug-resistant organism and antimicrobial susceptibility tests are roughly not amenable to a clinical setting. {T}aking these facts into account, it is essential to reflect on ways to translate basic knowledge into methodologies aimed to diagnose leishmania drug resistance. {A}s a matter of fact, a meta-analysis of the literature discloses the reliability of the promastigotes antimicrobial susceptibility tests ({AST}) to predict intracellular amastigotes susceptibility status. {P}romastigote cultures that are easy to perform, typically inexpensive and amenable to standardization should represent a candidate to diagnose resistance. {U}sing {AST} performed on promastigote, we propose a way to improve leishmania drug resistance diagnosis in the framework of guidance and guideline of the bacterial drug resistance diagnosis. {I}n this review, we highlight challenges that remained and discuss the definition of clinical breakpoints, including the epidemiological cutoff ({ECOFF}), to track drug-resistant isolates. {O}ur analysis paves the ways to standardize and analyze anti-leishmania susceptibility tests output in order to guide the characterization of drug-resistant isolates, the clinical decision during treatment and the search for new molecular markers.},
  keywords = {{L}eishmaniasis ; {D}rug resistance ; {D}rug susceptibility test ; {L}eishmania ; {C}utaneous leishmaniasis ; {V}isceral leishmaniasis ; {A}ntimony ; {A}mphotericin {B} ; {M}iltefosine ; {P}entamidine},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}cta {T}ropica},
  volume = {191},
  numero = {},
  pages = {204--211},
  ISSN = {0001-706{X}},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.009},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075293},
}