@article{fdi:010075188,
  title = {{A} nested land uses-landscapes-livelihoods approach to assess the real costs of land-use transitions : insights from {S}outheast {A}sia},
  author = {{L}estrelin, {G}. and {C}astella, {J}ean-{C}hristophe and {L}i, {Q}. {H}. and {V}ongvisouk, {T}. and {T}ien, {N}. {D}. and {M}ertz, {O}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}educing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation ({REDD}+) is viewed as an effective way to mitigate climate change by compensating stewards of forested areas for minimizing forestland conversion and protecting forest services. {O}pportunity costs assess the cost of foregone opportunity when preserving the forest instead of investing in an alternative activity or resource use. {T}his paper questions the calculation method of opportunity costs using averaged economic benefits and co-benefits of different land-use transitions. {W}e propose a nested approach to land-use transitions at the interface between landscapes and livelihoods and assessing a wide range of potential socio-ecological costs and benefits. {C}ombining household surveys and focus groups with participatory mapping, we applied the approach in villages of {L}aos, {V}ietnam and {C}hina positioned along a broad transition trajectory from subsistence shifting cultivation to intensive commercial agriculture. {B}y looking beyond the economics of land use, we highlight important linkages between land-use changes and livelihood differentiation, vulnerability and inequalities. {O}ur results show the importance of addressing the impacts of land-use transitions on a wide range of potential ecological and socioeconomic costs and benefits at multiple levels.},
  keywords = {opportunity costs ; multi-level assessment ; agrarian transition ; {REDD}+ ; {S}outheast {A}sia ; {ASIE} {DU} {SUD} {EST} ; {LAOS} ; {CHINE} ; {VIET} {NAM}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{L}and},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {art. 11 [20 p.]},
  ISSN = {2073-445{X}},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.3390/land8010011},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075188},
}