@article{fdi:010075160,
  title = {{O}ptimising the detectability of {H}5{N}1 and {H}5{N}6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in {V}ietnamese live-bird markets},
  author = {{V}ergne, {T}imoth{\'e}e and {M}eyer, {A}. and {L}ong, {P}. {T}. and {E}lkholly, {D}. {A}. and {I}nui, {K}. and {P}adungtod, {P}. and {N}ewman, {S}. {H}. and {F}ournie, {G}. and {P}feiffer, {D}. {U}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}ive bird markets ({LBM}s) are major targets for avian influenza virus ({AIV}) surveillance programmes. {W}hile sampling the {LBM} environment has become a widely used alternative to the labour-intensive sampling of live poultry, the design of surveillance programmes and the interpretation of their results are compromised by the lack of knowledge about the effectiveness of these sampling strategies. {W}e used latent class models and a unique empirical dataset collated in {V}ietnamese {LBM}s to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of five different sample types for detecting {AIV}s subtypes {H}5{N}1 and {H}5{N}6: oropharyngeal duck samples, solid and liquid wastes, poultry drinking water and faeces. {R}esults suggest that the sensitivity of environmental samples for detecting {H}5{N}1 viruses is equivalent to that of oropharyngeal duck samples; however, taking oropharyngeal duck samples was estimated to be more effective in detecting {H}5{N}6 viruses than taking any of the four environmental samples. {T}his study also stressed that the specificity of the current surveillance strategy in {LBM}s was not optimal leading to some false positive {LBM}s. {U}sing simulations, we identified 42 sampling strategies more parsimonious than the current strategy and expected to be highly sensitive for both viruses at the {LBM} level. {A}ll of these strategies involved the collection of both environmental and oropharyngeal duck samples.},
  keywords = {{VIET} {NAM}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cientific {R}eports - {N}ature},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 1031 [10 p.]},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-018-37616-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075160},
}