@article{fdi:010075154,
  title = {{C}omparison of {M}ycobacterium ulcerans ({B}uruli ulcer) and {L}eptospira sp. ({L}eptospirosis) dynamics in urban and rural settings},
  author = {{C}ombe, {M}arine and {G}ozlan, {R}odolphe and {J}agadesh, {S}oushieta and {V}elvin, {C}. {J}. and {R}uffine, {R}olland and {D}emar, {M}. {P}. and {C}ouppie, {P}. and {D}jossou, {F}. and {N}acher, {M}. and {E}pelboin, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {Z}oonotic pathogens respond to changes in host range and/or pathogen, vector and host ecology. {E}nvironmental changes (biodiversity, habitat changes, variability in climate), even at a local level, lead to variability in environmental pathogen dynamics and can facilitate their transmission from natural reservoirs to new susceptible hosts. {W}hilst the environmental dynamics of aquatic bacteria are directly linked to seasonal changes of their habitat they also rely on the ecological processes underpining their transmission. {H}owever data allowing the comparison of these ecological processes are lacking. {H}ere we compared the environmental dynamics of generalist and vector-borne aquatic bacterial pathogens in the same unit of time and space, and across rural and urban habitats in {F}rench {G}uiana ({S}outh {A}merica). {P}rincipal findings {U}sing {L}eptospira sp. and {M}ycobacterium ulcerans we performed an environmental survey that allowed the detection of both pathogens in urban vs. rural areas, and during rainy vs. dry weather conditions. {A}ll samples were subjected to q{PCR} amplifications of {L}ip{L}32 ({L}eptospira sp.) and {IS}2404 and {KR} ({M}. ulcerans) genetic markers. {W}e found (i) a greater presence of {M}. ulcerans in rural areas compared with {L}eptospira sp., (ii) that modified urban environments were more favourable to the establishment of both pathogens, (iii) that {L}eptospira sp. presence was enhanced during the rainy season and {M}. ulcerans during the dry period, and (iv) differences in the spatial distribution of both bacteria across urban sites, probably due to the mode of dissemination of each pathogen in the environment. {C}onclusions {W}e propose that in {F}rench {G}uiana simplified and modified urban ecosystems might favour leptospirosis and {B}uruli ulcer emergence and transmission. {M}oreover, disease risk was also constrained by seasonality. {W}e suggest that the prevention of aquatic bacterial disease emergence in impoverished urban areas of developing countries would benefit from seasonal diseases targeted surveys, which would maximise limited budgets from cash-strapped health agencies. {A}uthor summary {M}any emerging pathogens are zoonotic and transmit from their abiotic reservoir to wild animals, domesticated animals and humans. {I}t is now well known that environmental changes lead to variability in their dynamics in the environment and contribute to changes in the infectious risk. {M}any aquatic bacteria are responsable for major public health concerns, and more importantly in developing countries where access to drinking-water and sanitation is often limited. {W}hilst their environmental dynamics are directly linked to seasonal changes of their habitat, they also rely on the ecological processes underpining their transmission, i.e. directly transmitted vs. vector-borne. {H}owever, few studies have compared such environmental dynamics despite the fact that it would help to better characterise the infectious risk in the environment, as well as to better monitor the emergence of infectious diseases. {O}ur aim was to provide data on the prevalence of generalist vs. vector-borne aquatic bacterial pathogens in the environment that would further allow the comparison of their environmental dynamics in the same unit of time and space, and across rural and urban habitats. {W}e showed that urbanization and seasonality are two important factors underlying {B}uruli ulcer and leptospirosis disease emergence in {F}rench {G}uiana ({S}outh {A}merica), and propose that the mode of transmission of such environmental pathogens might have a detrimental role in disseminating the infectious agent in the environment.},
  keywords = {{GUYANE} {FRANCAISE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {art. e0007074 [18 ]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0007074},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075154},
}