@article{fdi:010074917,
  title = {{P}re-{P}leistocene origin of phylogeographical breaks in {A}frican rain forest trees : new insights from {G}reenwayodendron ({A}nnonaceae) phylogenomics},
  author = {{M}igliore, {J}. and {K}aymak, {E}. and {M}ariac, {C}{\'e}dric and {C}ouvreur, {T}homas and {L}issambou, {B}. and {P}ineiro, {R}. and {H}ardy, {O}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}im {P}alaeoecological records indicate that {P}leistocene glaciations affected the {A}frican rain forest, probably causing its fragmentation, which could explain phylogeographical breaks documented in many tree species. {T}his refuge hypothesis was further tested through species distribution models, hindcasting persistence during the {L}ast {G}lacial {M}aximum. {H}owever, previous studies failed to estimate with sufficient precision the divergence time between phylogeographical entities to confirm their {P}leistocene origin. {D}eveloping genomic tools on a representative tree of mature rain forests, we test if parapatric genetic clusters documented in widespread tree species can be interpreted as the legacy of past population fragmentation during the last glacial period(s). {L}ocation {T}ropical {A}frica, {G}uineo-{C}ongolian forests. {T}axon {G}reenwayodendron ({A}nnonaceae). {M}ethods {T}o further test the {P}leistocene refuge hypothesis by molecular dating, we sequenced the plastome of 145 individuals of the shade-tolerant rain forest tree {G}reenwayodendron suaveolens and congeneric species, and genotyped the same samples using nuclear microsatellites to identify genetic clusters. {R}esults {F}ive plastid phylogroups of {G}. suaveolens occur in parapatry throughout {C}entral {A}frica, following a spatial pattern generally congruent with genetic clusters. {F}our of them diverged 3.5-4.5 {M}a, whereas the fifth one, located in the {C}ameroon volcanic line ({CVL}), diverged 8.3 {M}a, in the range of divergence times between {G}reenwayodendron species, highlighting the key role of the {CVL} in hosting ancient lineages. {W}ithin phylogroups, most nodes were dated from 0.9 to 3.2 {M}yr and a correlation between haplotype divergence and spatial distance was still perceptible, indicating a slow population dynamic. {M}ain conclusions {T}he phylogeographical structures of {C}entral {A}frican trees probably established during the {P}liocene or early {P}leistocene, and while they might have been reinforced during subsequent glacial-interglacial cycles, interglacial phases did not lead to genetic homogenization. {T}herefore, interpreting phylogeographical patterns of {A}frican trees must account for a much deeper past than previously assumed, and cannot be limited to the last glacial period.},
  keywords = {{A}frican rain forests ; evolutionary history ; {G}reenwayodendron ; {H}igh-throughput sequencing ; molecular dating ; nuclear microsatellites ; phylogeography ; plastome captures ; {P}leistocene glaciations ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {B}iogeography},
  volume = {46},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {212--223},
  ISSN = {0305-0270},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1111/jbi.13476},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074917},
}