@article{fdi:010074886,
  title = {{P}ersistent {P}lasmodium falciparum infection in women with an intent to become pregnant as a risk factor for pregnancy-associated malaria},
  author = {{T}uikue {N}dam, {N}icaise and {T}ornyigah, {B}. and {D}ossou, {A}. {Y}. and {E}scriou, {G}. and {N}ielsen, {M}. {A}. and {S}alanti, {A}. and {I}ssifou, {S}. and {M}assougbodji, {A}. and {C}hippaux, {J}ean-{P}hilippe and {D}eloron, {P}hilippe},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {P}regnant women are more susceptible to {P}lasmodium falciparum than before pregnancy, and infection has consequences for both mother and offspring. {T}he {W}orld {H}ealth {O}rganization recommends that pregnant woman in areas of transmission receive intermittent preventive treatment ({IPT}p) starting in the second trimester. {C}onsequently, women are not protected during the first trimester, although {P}. falciparum infections are both frequent and harmful. {M}ethods. {A} cohort of nulligravid women was followed up during subsequent pregnancy. {M}alaria was diagnosed by means of microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. {P}arasites were genotyped at polymorphic loci. {R}esults. {A}mong 275 nulligravidae enrolled, 68 women became pregnant and were followed up during pregnancy. {B}efore pregnancy, {P}. falciparum prevalence rates were 15% by microscopy and 66% by polymerase chain reaction. {M}icroscopic infection rates increased to 29% until {IPT}p administration, and their density increased by 20-fold. {C}onversely, submicroscopic infection rates decreased. {A}fter {IPT}p administration, all types of infections decreased, but they increased again late in pregnancy. {T}he risk of infection during pregnancy was higher in women with a microscopic (odds ratio, 6.5; {P} = .047) or submicroscopic (3.06; {P} = .05) infection before pregnancy and was not related to the season of occurrence. {M}ost infections during pregnancy were persistent infections acquired before pregnancy. {C}onclusions. {M}icroscopic and submicroscopic malaria infections were frequent in nulligravid women from south {B}enin. {D}uring the first trimester of pregnancy, microscopic infections were more frequent, with a higher parasite density, and mainly derived from parasites infecting the woman before conception. {P}reventive strategies targeting nonpregnant women with a desire for conception need to be designed.},
  keywords = {malaria ; pregnancy ; genotypes ; preconception ; {BENIN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}linical {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {67},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {1890--1896},
  ISSN = {1058-4838},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1093/cid/ciy380},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074886},
}