@article{fdi:010074816,
  title = {{N}eurodevelopmental outcomes in {HIV}-infected and uninfected {A}frican children},
  author = {{B}eaudrap, {P}ierre de and {B}odeau-{L}ivinec, {F}. and {P}asquier, {E}. and {G}ermanaud, {D}. and {N}diang, {S}. {T}. and {N}lend, {A}. {N}. and {N}dongo, {F}. {A}. and {G}uemkam, {G}. and {P}enda, {C}. {I}. and {W}arszawski, {J}. and {K}oecher, {D}. and {F}aye, {A}. and {T}ejiokem, {M}. {C}. and {ANRS}-{P}ediacam {S}tudy {G}roup},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjective: {HIV} infection is associated with cognitive impairments, but outcomes are poorly explored in children starting antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) early or in those exposed but uninfected. {D}esign: {N}ested cross-sectional evaluation of the neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes of {HIV}-infected, {HIV}-exposed uninfected ({HEU}) and {HIV}-unexposed ({HUU}) {C}ameroonian children at age 4-9 years prospectively followed. {M}ethods: {C}ognitive development was assessed in 127 {HIV}-infected, 101 {HEU}, 110 {HUU} children using the {KABC}-{II}, neurologic dysfunction using the {T}ouwen examination and behavioural difficulties using the {S}trength and {D}ifficulties {Q}uestionnaire ({SDQ}). {A}nalyses were adjusted for children age, sex and primary language. {C}ontextual factors were included in a second step to assess their effects on outcomes. {R}esults: {A}ll {HIV}-infected children were treated before 12 months. {T}here was a negative linear gradient in {KABC}-{II} scores from {HUU} children to {HEU} and {HIV}-infected children [gradient: -6.0 (-7.7; -4.3) for nonverbal index, {NVI}, and -8.8 (-10.7; -6.8) for mental processing index, {MPI}1. {A}fter adjusting for contextual factors, scores of {HEU} children were not significantly different from those of {HUU} children (all {P} > 0.1) and differences between {HIV}-uninfected and {HUU} children reduced [{NVI}: from -11.9 (-15.3; -8.5) to -3.4 (-6.8; -0.01), {MPI}: from -17.6 (-21.3; -13.8) to -5.5 (-9.3; -1.7)]. {C}ompared with uninfected children, {HIV}-infected children had more neurological dysfunctions and higher {SDQ} scores ({P}=0.002). {C}onclusion: {D}espite early {ART}, perinatal-{HIV} infection is associated with poorer neurocognitive scores and increased behavioural difficulties during childhood. {C}ontextual factors play an important role in this association, which emphasizes the need for early nutritional and developmental interventions targeting both {HIV}-affected infants and their relatives.},
  keywords = {child development ; {HIV} ; {HIV}-exposed uninfected ; {S}ub-{S}aharan {A}frica ; {CAMEROUN} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}ids},
  volume = {32},
  numero = {18},
  pages = {2749--2757},
  ISSN = {0269-9370},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1097/qad.0000000000002023},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074816},
}