@article{fdi:010074523,
  title = {{S}ea surface salinity signature of the tropical {A}tlantic interannual climatic modes},
  author = {{A}wo, {F}. {M}. and {A}lory, {G}. and {D}a-{A}llada, {C}. {Y}. and {D}elcroix, {T}hierry and {J}ouanno, {J}ulien and {K}estenare, {E}lodie and {B}aloitcha, {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}lain {L}anguage {S}ummary {T}he characteristic sea surface salinity ({SSS}) patterns associated with the tropical {A}tlantic meridional and equatorial interannual modes are extracted from in situ observations, by a statistical analysis performed on the 1980-2012 period. {T}hese {SSS} signatures of the interannual climatic modes are reproduced in a regional numerical simulation. {F}or each mode, oceanic and/or atmospheric processes driving the {SSS} signature are identified through a mixed-layer salt budget in the validated model. {D}uring a positive meridional mode in spring, a northward shift of the {I}ntertropical {C}onvergence {Z}one and related precipitation maximum creates a south-north dipole of positive-negative {SSS} anomalies around the equator. {W}estern boundary currents strengthen and advect relatively fresh equatorial waters, which creates negative {SSS} anomalies in the north and south west tropical {A}tlantic. {M}eridional and vertical advection create positive {SSS} anomalies off the {C}ongo {R}iver. {D}uring a positive equatorial mode in summer, a southward shift of the {I}ntertropical {C}onvergence {Z}one-related rainfall maximum creates a south-north dipole of negative-positive {SSS} anomalies between the equator and 10 degrees {N}. {M}eridional advection also contributes to the positive {SSS} anomalies between 5 degrees {N} and 10 degrees {N}. {V}ertical advection and diffusion at the mixed-layer base create positive {SSS} anomalies between 5 degrees {S} and the equator. {H}orizontal advection creates large {SSS} anomalies in the {N}orth {B}razil {C}urrent retroflection region, negative along the coast and positive further offshore. {T}he {SSS} signatures of the meridional and equatorial modes described above are well captured by the {S}oil {M}oisture-{O}cean {S}alinity satellite during the 2010 and 2012 events. {T}his study shows that both meridional and equatorial interannual climatic modes impact the sea surface salinity ({SSS}) in tropical {A}tlantic through atmospheric and/or oceanic processes. {T}he atmospheric forcing, related to {I}ntertropical {C}onvergence {Z}one migration, controls the equatorial region, while the advection, due to modulation of current dynamics, vertical {SSS} gradient, and mixing at the base of mixed layer, drives {SSS} in the region under the influence of river plumes.},
  keywords = {sea surface salinity ; tropical {A}tlantic ; interannual climatic modes ; {ATLANTIQUE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {O}ceans},
  volume = {123},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {7420--7437},
  ISSN = {2169-9275},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1029/2018jc013837},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074523},
}