@article{fdi:010074485,
  title = {{T}owards a microzonation of the {G}reater {B}eirut area: an instrumental approach combining earthquake and ambient vibration recordings},
  author = {{B}rax, {M}. and {B}ard, {P}. {Y}. and {D}uval, {A}. {M}. and {B}ertrand, {E}. and {R}ahhal, {M}. {E}. and {J}omaa, {R}. and {C}ornou, {C}{\'e}cile and {V}oisin, {C}. and {S}ursock, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}ebanon is situated on the 1000km long {L}evant transform fault that separates the {A}rabic from the {A}frican tectonic plates. {I}n {L}ebanon, the {L}evant fault splits up into a set of ramifications that had, in the past, generated major destructive earthquakes causing a lot of destruction and thousands of casualties. {T}he most devastating one was the 551 {A}.{D}. offshore earthquake that destroyed {B}eirut, the capital of {L}ebanon. {T}his paper presents a site effect study in {B}eirut, aimed at proposing a framework for future microzonation works in the city. {I}t includes two complementary parts. {A} 6-month, temporary seismological experiment was first conducted to estimate the site response at 10 sites sampling the main geological units of {B}eirut on the basis of local and regional earthquake recordings. {T}his spatially sparse information was then complemented by a large number (615) of microtremor measurements covering the {B}eirut municipality and part of its suburbs with a 400m dense grid. {T}he recordings were analysed with the standard site-to-reference and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio methods for earthquake recordings, and the horizontal-to-vertical ratio for ambient noise recordings. {S}ignificant ground motion amplification effects (up to a factor of 8) are found in a few areas corresponding to recent deposits. {T}he consistency between results from earthquake and microtremor recordings allows proposing a map of the resonance frequencies within the city and its suburbs, with frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 5{H}z for the deepest deposits, and 5-10{H}z for shallow areas. {F}inally, the results are discussed and a way to combine the results obtained from the temporary stations to the great number of recordings coming from the permanent {L}ebanese network is proposed.},
  keywords = {{B}eirut ; {S}tandard site to reference spectral ratio method ; {H}orizontal to vertical spectral ratio ; {H}/{V} ; {F}undamental frequencies ; {A}mplifications ; {S}eismic hazard ; {T}ransfer functions ; {LIBAN} ; {BEYROUTH}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}ulletin of {E}arthquake {E}ngineering},
  volume = {16},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {5735--5767},
  ISSN = {1570-761{X}},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1007/s10518-018-0438-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074485},
}