@article{fdi:010074464,
  title = {{T}rends in hydrological extremes in the {S}enegal and {N}iger {R}ivers},
  author = {{W}ilcox, {C}. and {V}ischel, {T}. and {P}anthou, {G}. and {B}odian, {A}. and {B}lanchet, {J}. and {D}escroix, {L}uc and {Q}uantin, {G}uillaume and {C}asse, {C}laire and {T}animoun, {B}. and {K}one, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n recent years, {W}est {A}frica has witnessed an increasing number of damaging floods that raise the question of a possible intensification of the hydrological hazards in the region. {I}n this study, the evolution of extreme floods is analyzed over the period 1950-2015 for seven tributaries in the {S}udano-{G}uinean part of the {S}enegal {R}iver basin and four data sets in the {S}ahelian part of the {N}iger {R}iver basin. {N}on-stationary {G}eneralized {E}xtreme {V}alue ({NS}-{GEV}) distributions including twelve models with time-dependent parameters plus a stationary {GEV} are applied to annual maxima of daily discharge ({AMAX}) series. {A}n original methodology is proposed for comparing {GEV} models and selecting the best for use. {T}he stationary {GEV} is rejected for all stations, demonstrating the significant non-stationarity of extreme discharge values in {W}est {A}frica over the past six decades. {T}he model of best fit most commonly selected is a double-linear model for the central tendency parameter (mu), with the dispersion parameter (sigma) modeled as either stationary, linear, or a double-linear. {C}hange points in double-linear models are relatively consistent for the {S}enegal basin, with stations switching from a decreasing streamflow trend to an increasing streamflow trend in the early 1980s. {I}n the {N}iger basin the trend in mu is generally positive since the 1970s with an increase in slope after the change point, but the change point location is less consistent. {T}he recent increasing trends in extreme discharges are reflected in an especially marked increase in return level magnitudes since the 1980s in the studied {S}ahelian rivers. {T}he rate of the increase indicated by the study results raises urgent considerations for stakeholders and engineers who are in charge of river basin management and hydraulic works sizing.},
  keywords = {{F}loods ; {F}lood hazard ; {W}est {A}frica ; {N}on-stationarity ; {E}xtreme values ; {M}odel selection ; {SENEGAL} {COURS} {D}'{EAU} ; {NIGER} {COURS} {D}'{EAU} ; {ZONE} {SOUDANOGUINEENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {H}ydrology},
  volume = {566},
  numero = {},
  pages = {531--545},
  ISSN = {0022-1694},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.063},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074464},
}