@article{fdi:010074340,
  title = {{I}ce cliff contribution to the tongue-wide ablation of {C}hangri {N}up {G}lacier, {N}epal, central {H}imalaya},
  author = {{B}run, {F}. and {W}agnon, {P}atrick and {B}erthier, {E}. and {S}hea, {J}. {M}. and {I}mmerzeel, {W}. {W}. and {K}raaijenbrink, {P}. {D}. {A}. and {V}incent, {C}. and {R}everchon, {C}. and {S}hrestha, {D}. and {A}rnaud, {Y}ves},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ce cliff backwasting on debris-covered glaciers is recognized as an important mass-loss process that is potentially responsible for the "debris-cover anomaly", i.e. the fact that debris-covered and debris-free glacier tongues appear to have similar thinning rates in the {H}imalaya. {I}n this study, we quantify the total contribution of ice cliff backwasting to the net ablation of the tongue of {C}hangri {N}up {G}lacier, {N}epal, between 2015 and 2017. {D}etailed backwasting and surface thinning rates were obtained from terrestrial photogrammetry collected in {N}ovember 2015 and 2016, unmanned air vehicle ({UAV}) surveys conducted in {N}ovember 2015, 2016 and 2017, and {P}leiades tri-stereo imagery obtained in {N}ovember 2015, 2016 and 2017. {UAV}- and {P}leiades-derived ice cliff volume loss estimates were 3% and 7% less than the value calculated from the reference terrestrial photogrammetry. {I}ce cliffs cover between 7% and 8% of the total map view area of the {C}hangri {N}up tongue. {Y}et from {N}ovember 2015 to {N}ovember 2016 ({N}ovember 2016 to {N}ovember 2017), ice cliffs contributed to 23 +/- 5% (24 +/- 5 %) of the total ablation observed on the tongue. {I}ce cliffs therefore have a net ablation rate 3.1 +/- 0.6 (3.0 +/- 0.6) times higher than the average glacier tongue surface. {H}owever, on {C}hangri {N}up {G}lacier, ice cliffs still cannot compensate for the reduction in ablation due to debris-cover. {I}n addition to cliff enhancement, a combination of reduced ablation and lower emergence velocities could be responsible for the debris-cover anomaly on debris-covered tongues.},
  keywords = {{NEPAL} ; {HIMALAYA} ; {CHANGRI} {NUP} {GLACIER}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}ryosphere},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {3439--3457},
  ISSN = {1994-0416},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.5194/tc-12-3439-2018},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074340},
}