@article{fdi:010074089,
  title = {{D}etection of pacific ciguatoxins using liquid chromatography coupled to either low or high resolution mass spectrometry ({LC}-{MS}/{MS})},
  author = {{S}ibat, {M}. and {H}errenknecht, {C}. and {D}arius, {H}. {T}. and {R}ou{\'e}, {M}{\'e}lanie and {C}hinain, {M}. and {H}ess, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}iguatera {F}ish {P}oisoning ({CFP}) is primarily caused by consumption of tropical and sub-tropical fish contaminated by {C}iguatoxins ({CTX}s). {T}hese lipid-soluble, polyether neurotoxins are produced by dinoflagellates in the genera {G}ambierdiscus and {F}ukuyoa. {W}hile there is no regulatory level in {E}urope for {CTX}s, the {E}uropean {F}ood {S}afety {A}uthority ({EFSA}) adopted the {U}nited {S}tates guidance level of 0.01 mu g {P}-{CTX}1{B} eq.kg(-1) of fish. {T}his limit is extremely low and requires significant improvement in the detection of {CTX}s. {I}n this study, we compared analytical protocols based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem low or high resolution mass spectrometry ({LC}-{LRMS} or {HRMS}) to find the best conditions for sensitivity and/or selectivity. {D}ifferent approaches such as {LC} conditions, ion choice and acquisition modes, were evaluated to detect the {P}acific-ciguatoxins ({P}-{CTX}s) on a triple quadrupole ({API}4000 {Q}trap, {S}ciex) or a quadrupole time of flight ({QTOF} 6550, {A}gilent {T}echnologies) spectrometer. {M}oreover, matrix effects were calculated using matrix-matched calibration solutions of {P}-{CTX}1{B} and {P}-{CFX}3{C} prepared in purified fish extract. {S}ubsequently, the method performance was assessed on naturally contaminated samples of seafood and phytoplankton. {W}ith {LRMS}, the ammoniated adduct ion used as a precursor ion showed an advantage for selectivity through confirmatory transitions, without affecting signal-to-noise ratios, and hence limits of detection ({LOD}s). {A}s also reported by some studies in the literature, methanol-based mobile phase gave better selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of {P}-{CTX}s. {W}hile the {LOD} for {P}-{CTX}1{B} and {P}-{CTX}3{C} met the {EFSA} recommendation level when using {LRMS}, the findings suggested careful evaluation of instrumental parameters for determination of {CTX}s. {LOD}s were significantly higher for {HRMS}, which currently results in the need for a significantly higher sample intake. {N}evertheless, {HRMS} allowed for the identification of artefacts and may allow for improved confirmation of the identity of {P}-{CTX}s analogues. {C}onsequently, {LRMS} and {HRMS} are considered complementary to ensure adequate quantitation and identification of {P}-{CTX}s.},
  keywords = {{C}iguatoxins ; {LC}-{MS}/{MS} ; {HRMS} ; {QT}o{F} ; {M}atrix effects ; {POLYNESIE} {FRANCAISE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {C}hromatography {A}},
  volume = {1571},
  numero = {},
  pages = {16--28},
  ISSN = {0021-9673},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.008},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074089},
}