@article{fdi:010073997,
  title = {{P}revalence of pretreatment {HIV} drug resistance in {C}ameroon following a nationally representative {WHO} survey},
  author = {{T}chouwa, {G}. {F}. and {E}ymard-{D}uvernay, {S}abrina and {C}ournil, {A}mandine and {L}amare, {N}. and {S}errano, {L}. and {B}utel, {C}hristelle and {B}ertagnolio, {S}. and {M}poudi-{N}gole, {E}. and {R}aizes, {E}. and {A}ghokeng {F}obang, {A}velin and {E}hrica {S}tudy {G}rp},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {P}retreatment {HIV} drug resistance ({PDR}) has the potential to affect treatment outcome and mortality. {W}e present here the first nationally representative {PDR} study conducted in {C}ameroon. {M}ethods: {F}rom {F}ebruary to {J}uly 2015, {HIV}-infected {ART} initiators were recruited from 24 randomly selected clinics situated in both urban and rural regions. {D}ried blood spot specimens were collected from study participants at these clinics and centralized in a reference laboratory in {Y}aounde, {C}ameroon, for drug resistance testing. {HIV} drug resistance mutations were identified using the {S}tanford algorithm. {R}esults: {O}verall, from the 379 participants recruited, 321 pol sequences were successfully interpreted. {T}wo hundred and five sequences were from patients attending urban {ART} clinics and 116 from patients seen at rural facilities. {N}ine percent of sequences (29/321) were from participants reporting previous exposure to antiretrovirals. {PDR} prevalence among all initiators was 10.4% (95% {CI} 5.4%-19.1%), with 14.2% (95% {CI} 6.6%-27.9%) reported in urban areas and 4.3%(95% {CI} 1.2%-14.3%) in rural areas. {A}mong participants with no prior exposure to antiretrovirals, {PDR} prevalence was 10.4% (95% {CI} 4.7%-21.5%) overall, with 13.5% (95% {CI} 5.1%-31.5%) and 5.3% (95% {CI} 1.4%-17.5%) reported in urban and rural areas, respectively. {C}onclusions: {O}ur findings indicate that at least 10% of patients initiating {ART} in {C}ameroon carry viruses with {PDR} and may be at risk of premature {ART} failure. {T}he high level of {NNRTI}-associated resistance is of particular concern and supports introduction of drugs with a higher genetic barrier to resistance.},
  keywords = {{CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}ntimicrobial {C}hemotherapy},
  volume = {73},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {2468--2474},
  ISSN = {0305-7453},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1093/jac/dky221},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073997},
}