@article{fdi:010073985,
  title = {{E}volutionary history of human {P}lasmodium vivax revealed by genome-wide analyses of related ape parasites},
  author = {{L}oy, {D}. {E}. and {P}lenderleith, {L}. {J}. and {S}undararaman, {S}. {A}. and {L}iu, {W}. {M}. and {G}ruszczyk, {J}. and {C}hen, {Y}. {J}. and {T}rimboli, {S}. and {L}earn, {G}. {H}. and {M}ac{L}ean, {O}. {A}. and {M}organ, {A}. {L}. {K}. and {L}i, {Y}. {Y}. and {A}vitto, {A}. {N}. and {G}iles, {J}. and {C}alvignac-{S}pencer, {S}. and {S}achse, {A}. and {L}eendertz, {F}. {H}. and {S}peede, {S}. and {A}youba, {A}hidjo and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {R}ayner, {J}. {C}. and {T}ham, {W}. {H}. and {S}harp, {P}. {M}. and {H}ahn, {B}. {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}ild-living {A}frican apes are endemically infected with parasites that are closely related to human {P}lasmodium vivax, a leading cause of malaria outside {A}frica. {T}his finding suggests that the origin of {P}. vivax was in {A}frica, even though the parasite is now rare in humans there. {T}o elucidate the emergence of human {P}. vivax and its relationship to the ape parasites, we analyzed genome sequence data of {P}. vivax strains infecting six chimpanzees and one gorilla from {C}ameroon, {G}abon, and {C}ote d'{I}voire. {W}e found that ape and human parasites share nearly identical core genomes, differing by only 2% of coding sequences. {H}owever, compared with the ape parasites, human strains of {P}. vivax exhibit about 10-fold less diversity and have a relative excess of nonsynonymous nucleotide polymorphisms, with site-frequency spectra suggesting they are subject to greatly relaxed purifying selection. {T}hese data suggest that human {P}. vivax has undergone an extreme bottleneck, followed by rapid population expansion. {I}nvestigating potential host-specificity determinants, we found that ape {P}. vivax parasites encode intact orthologs of three reticulocyte-binding protein genes (rbp2d, rbp2e, and rbp3), which are pseudogenes in all human {P}. vivax strains. {H}owever, binding studies of recombinant {RBP}2e and {RBP}3 proteins to human, chimpanzee, and gorilla erythrocytes revealed no evidence of host-specific barriers to red blood cell invasion. {T}hese data suggest that, from an ancient stock of {P}. vivax parasites capable of infecting both humans and apes, a severely bottlenecked lineage emerged out of {A}frica and underwent rapid population growth as it spread globally.},
  keywords = {{P}lasmodium vivax ; genomics ; malaria ; great apes ; zoonotic transmission ; {AFRIQUE} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {GABON} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {115},
  numero = {36},
  pages = {{E}8450--{E}8459},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1810053115},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073985},
}