@article{fdi:010073789,
  title = {{C}an {N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina develop without {E}l {N}ino-{S}outhern oscillation ?},
  author = {{K}ataoka, {T}. and {M}asson, {S}. and {I}zumo, {T}akeshi and {T}ozuka, {T}. and {Y}amagata, {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina is the dominant climate mode in the southeastern {I}ndian {O}cean with its center of positive/negative sea surface temperature anomalies attached to {A}ustralia. {N}ingaloo {N}ino is the major cause of marine heatwaves in the region. {A}lthough oceanic variability in this region has long been considered mainly as a response to the {E}l {N}ino-{S}outhern {O}scillation ({ENSO}), some recent studies have suggested the possible existence of local air-sea feedback processes. {U}sing a state-of-the-art ocean-atmosphere coupled model that realistically simulates {N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina, whether {N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina can occur independently of {ENSO} is examined. {E}ven in an experiment in which {ENSO} is suppressed by strongly nudging tropical {P}acific sea surface temperatures toward the model climatology, {N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina with a similar magnitude and seasonality still develops, likely through an air-sea interaction off {W}estern {A}ustralia amplifying atmospheric stochastic forcing. {T}his study is the first to show that {N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina can develop even without {ENSO}. {P}lain {L}anguage {S}ummary {N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina is the major cause of extreme warming/cooling in the southeastern {I}ndian {O}cean in austral summer and affects the marine environment and precipitation over the {W}estern {A}ustralia. {A}lthough it has long been considered that {E}l {N}ino and {L}a {N}ina in the {P}acific drive ocean extreme events in this region, some recent studies have suggested a possibility that warming/cooling off {W}estern {A}ustralia would add to itself by changing the atmospheric condition and creating further heating/cooling (i.e., positive air-sea feedback). {U}sing climate model simulations, we show that, even without {E}l {N}ino and {L}a {N}ina, {N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina with a similar magnitude occurs in summer, likely through the positive air-sea feedback off {W}estern {A}ustralia amplifying atmospheric random forcing. {T}his study is the first to show that {N}ingaloo {N}ino/{N}ina can develop even without {E}l {N}ino and {L}a {N}ina.},
  keywords = {{PACIFIQUE} ; {OCEAN} {INDIEN} ; {AUSTRALIE} ; {NINGALOO} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eophysical {R}esearch {L}etters},
  volume = {45},
  numero = {14},
  pages = {7040--7048},
  ISSN = {0094-8276},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1029/2018gl078188},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073789},
}