@article{fdi:010073774,
  title = {{U}pper ocean hydrology of the {N}orthern {H}umboldt {C}urrent {S}ystem at seasonal, interannual and interdecadal scales},
  author = {{G}rados, {C}. and {C}haigneau, {A}lexis and {E}chevin, {V}incent and {D}ominguez, {N}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}ince the 1960s, the {I}nstituto del {M}ar del {P}eril ({IMARPE}) collected tens of thousands of in-situ temperature and salinity profiles in the {N}orthern {H}umboldt {C}urrent {S}ystem ({NHCS}). {I}n this study, we blend this unique database with the historical in-situ profiles available from the {W}orld {O}cean {D}atabase for the period 1960-2014 and apply a four-dimensional interpolation scheme to construct a seasonal climatology of temperature and salinity of the {NHCS}. {T}he resulting interpolated temperature and salinity fields are gridded at a high spatial resolution (0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees in latitude/longitude) between the surface and 1000 m depth, providing a detailed view of the hydrology and geostrophic circulation of this region. {I}n particular, the mean distribution and characteristics of the main water-masses in the upper ocean of the {NHCS} are described, as well as their seasonal variations between austral summer and winter. {T}he coastal upwelling region is well documented due to the increased data density along 3 highlighted cross-shore vertical sections off {P}aita (similar to 5 degrees {S}), {C}himbote (similar to 9 degrees {S}) and {S}an {J}uan (similar to 16.5 degrees {S}). {T}he large and long-term database also allowed us, through a composite analysis, to investigate the impact of the eastern {P}acific {E}l {N}ino and {L}a {N}ina events on the {NHCS} hydrology. {O}n average, during these periods, large temperature (+/- 3-4 degrees {C}) and salinity (+/- 0.1-0.2) anomalies are observed, impacting the water column of the coastal ocean off {P}eru down to 100-200 m depth. {A}t 100 km from the coast, these anomalies are associated with a maximum deepening (shoaling, respectively) of the thermocline of 60 m (25 m) during composite {E}l {N}ino ({L}a {N}ina) events. {A}t interdecadal scale, a similar approach reveals sea-surface temperature variations of +/- 0.5 degrees {C}, associated with a deepening (shoaling) of the thermocline of 5-10 m during warm (cold) periods.},
  keywords = {{N}orth {H}umboldt {C}urrent {S}ystem ; {H}ydrology ; {W}ater masses ; {S}easonal variations ; {G}eostrophic currents ; {ENSO} ; {I}nterdecadal variability ; {PEROU} ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}rogress in {O}ceanography},
  volume = {165},
  numero = {},
  pages = {123--144},
  ISSN = {0079-6611},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.pocean.2018.05.005},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073774},
}