@article{fdi:010073695,
  title = {{A}n index of coastal thermal effects of {E}l {N}ino {S}outhern {O}scillation on the {P}eruvian {U}pwelling {E}cosystem},
  author = {{Q}uispe-{C}calluari, {C}. and {T}am, {J}. and {D}emarcq, {H}erv{\'e} and {C}hamorro, {A}. and {E}spinoza-{M}orriberon, {D}. and {R}omero, {C}. and {D}ominguez, {N}. and {R}amos, {J}. and {O}liveros-{R}amos, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {P}eruvian {U}pwelling {E}cosystem ({PUE}) is one of the most productive ecosystem in the world in terms of productivity and fish catches, partly because its geographical location is affected by remote physical processes, such as the interannual climate variability of the {E}quatorial {P}acific {O}cean ({EPO}), whose dominant signal is {E}l {N}ino {S}outhern {O}scillation ({ENSO}). {I}n order to assess the thermal effects of {ENSO} off {P}eru, a {P}eruvian {C}oastal {T}hermal {I}ndex ({PCTI}) was developed representing 87.7% of the total variation of the {S}ea {S}urface {T}emperature ({SST}) anomalies of the {PUE}. {B}etween 1982 and 2014, the {PCTI} detected 12 warm periods and 16 cold periods in the {PUE}. {PCTI} had a linear trend component, a low frequency component and a noise component, with 1.5%, 94.5% and 4% contributions to the total variance, respectively. {W}avelet analysis of {PCTI} showed significant peaks of variability between the years 1996 and 1999 between periods of 0.4 and 6 years. {A} regime shift in variance of {PCTI} was detected in 1999, with a lower variance between 1999 and 2014 than between 1982 and 1998, which agreed with the start of a cold phase of the {P}acific {D}ecadal {O}scillation. {T}he decrease of variance of the {PCTI} could be linked to an increase of the local winds associated with a higher intensity of the average state of {S}outh {P}acific {A}nticyclone. {T}his atmospheric change might have strengthened the coastal upwelling and counteracted the intensity of warm periods in the {PUE}. {F}inally, the comparison of different indexes allowed to detect four periods where neutral conditions occurred in the {EPO} while warm periods occurred in the {PUE} (1993, 2008, 2012 and 2014); and 1 period where a warm episode occurred in the {EPO} (2004-2005) while a neutral condition occurred in the {PUE}.},
  keywords = {coastal index ; {ENSO} ; {E}quatorial {P}acific {O}cean ; {P}eruvian {U}pwelling ; {E}cosystem ; {OCEAN} {PACIFIQUE} ; {PEROU}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nternational {J}ournal of {C}limatology},
  volume = {38},
  numero = {7},
  pages = {3191--3201},
  ISSN = {0899-8418},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1002/joc.5493},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073695},
}