@article{fdi:010073669,
  title = {{C}ontributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure : a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants {NCD} {R}isk {F}actor {C}ollaboration ({NCD}-{R}is{C}) {M}embers are listed at the end of the paper},
  author = {{NCD} {R}isk {F}actor {C}ollaboration and {Z}hou, {B}. and {B}entham, {J}. and {D}i {C}esare, {M}. and {B}ixby, {H}. and et al. and {T}raissac, {P}ierre},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {C}hange in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). {O}ur aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. {M}ethods: {W}e pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. {W}e first calculated mean systolic blood pressure ({SBP}), mean diastolic blood pressure ({DBP}) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. {W}e used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. {W}e calculated the contributions of change in mean {SBP} and {DBP}, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. {R}esults: {I}n 2005-16, at the same level of population mean {SBP} and {DBP}, men and women in {S}outh {A}sia and in {C}entral {A}sia, the {M}iddle {E}ast and {N}orth {A}frica would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income {A}sia {P}acific and high-income {W}estern regions would have the lowest. {I}n most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. {W}here prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. {C}onclusions: {C}hange in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups.},
  keywords = {{B}lood pressure ; hypertension ; population health ; global health ; non-communicable disease ; {MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nternational {J}ournal of {E}pidemiology},
  volume = {47},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {872--883 +9p.},
  ISSN = {0300-5771},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1093/ije/dyy016},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073669},
}