@article{fdi:010073367,
  title = {{I}ntragastric administration of {L}actobacillus plantarum and 2,2 '-{D}ithiodipyridine-inactivated {S}imian {I}mmunodeficiency {V}irus ({SIV}) does not protect {I}ndian rhesus macaques from intrarectal {SIV} challenge or reduce virus replication after transmission},
  author = {{C}arnaghan, {D}.{G}. and {M}ackel, {J}.{J}. and {S}weat, {S}.{L}. and {E}nemuao, {C}.{A}. and {G}ebru, {E}.{H}. and {D}hadvai, {P}. and {G}angadhara, {S}. and {H}icks, {S}. and {V}anderford, {T}.{H}. and {A}mara, {R}.{R}. and {E}sparza, {J}. and {L}u, {W}ei {L}ouis and {A}ndrieu, {J}.{M}. and {S}ilvestri, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A} major obstacle to development of an effective {AIDS} vaccine is that along with the intended beneficial responses, the immunization regimen may activate {CD}4(+) {T} cells that can facilitate acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus ({HIV}) by serving as target cells for the virus. {L}u et al. ({W}. {L}u et al., {C}ell {R}ep 2:1736-1746, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2012.11.016) reported that intragastric administration of chemically inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus {SIV}mac239 and {L}actobacillus plantarum (i{SIV}-{L}. plantarum) protected 15/16 {C}hinese-origin rhesus macaques ({RM}s) from high-dose intrarectal {SIV}mac239 challenge at 3 months postimmunization. {T}hey attributed the observed protection to induction of immune tolerance, mediated by "{MHC}-{I}b/{E}-restricted {CD}8(+) regulatory {T} cells that suppressed {SIV}-harboring {CD}4(+) {T} cell activation and ex vivo {SIV} replication in 15/16 animals without inducing {SIV}-specific antibodies or cytotoxic {T}." {J}.-{M}. {A}ndrieu et al. ({F}ront {I}mmunol 5:297, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00297) subsequently reported protection from infection in 23/24 {RM}s immunized intragastrically or intravaginally with i{SIV} and {M}ycobacterium bovis {BCG}, {L}. plantarum, or {L}actobacillus rhamnosus, which they ascribed to the same tolerogenic mechanism. {U}sing vaccine materials obtained from our coauthors, we conducted an immunization and challenge experiment with 54 {I}ndian {RM}s and included control groups receiving i{SIV} only or {L}. plantarum only as well as unvaccinated animals. {I}ntrarectal challenge with {SIV}mac239 resulted in rapid infection in all groups of vaccinated {RM}s as well as unvaccinated controls. i{SIV}-{L}. plantarum-vaccinated animals that became {SIV} infected showed viral loads similar to those observed in animals receiving i{SIV} only or {L}. plantarum only or in unvaccinated controls. {T}he protection from {SIV} transmission conferred by intragastric i{SIV}-{L}. plantarum administration reported previously for {C}hinese-origin {RM}s was not observed when the same experiment was conducted in a larger cohort of {I}ndian-origin animals.},
  keywords = {{CHINE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}irology},
  volume = {92},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {art. no e02030--17 [11 ]},
  ISSN = {0022-538{X}},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1128/{JVI}.02030-17},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073367},
}