@article{fdi:010073289,
  title = {{D}efluoridation of reject water from a reverse osmosis unit and synthetic water using adsorption},
  author = {{S}amrat, {M}.{V}.{V}. {M}. and {K}esava {R}ao, {K}. and {S}en{G}upta, {A}.{K}. and {R}iotte, {J}ean and {M}udakavi, {J}.{R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}any parts of the world have excess fluoride in drinking water. {A}t some locations, nitrate is also in excess. {H}ence, reverse osmosis ({RO}) units have been installed at several villages in {I}ndia. {R}everse osmosis is a good technique, but it has the disadvantage of discarding a considerable amount of the inlet water as a reject stream. {T}his is an unsustainable way of using water. {T}wo adsorbents, namely, a hybrid anion exchange resin embedded with zirconium oxide nanoparticles ({HAIX}-{Z}r), and activated alumina ({AA}) were used in column experiments. {F}or water containing only {F}−, {HAIX}-{Z}r had a better capacity than {AA}. {T}he same trend was observed with synthetic water samples containing other ions in addition to {F}−. {H}owever, for {RO} reject, the converse was true, and the capacities of {AA} and {HAIX}-{Z}r decreased significantly. {F}or {AA}, the presence of a small concentration of {HCO}3− increased the uptake of {F}− by 100% compared to water containing only {F}−. {F}or {HAIX}-{Z}r, the adsorption capacity decreased as the concentration of co-ions increased. {T}he cost of treated water varied from 0.1–1.5/{L} ({US} $ 0.002–0.03/{L}) for {AA} and 0.2–11.5/{L} ({US} $ 0.004–0.23/{L}) for {HAIX}-{Z}r.},
  keywords = {{QUALITE} {DE} {L}'{EAU} ; {EAU} {POTABLE} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {ECHANTILLON} ; {ASSAINISSEMENT} ; {COUT} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {VILLAGE} ; {MILIEU} {RURAL} ; {TRAITEMENT} {DE} {L}'{EAU} ; {FLUORURE} ; {OSMOSE} {INVERSE} ; {INDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {W}ater {P}rocess {E}ngineering},
  volume = {23},
  numero = {},
  pages = {327--337},
  ISSN = {2214-7144},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.07.015},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073289},
}