@article{fdi:010073171,
  title = {{T}rypanosoma rangeli is phylogenetically closer to {O}ld {W}orld trypanosomes than to {T}rypanosoma cruzi},
  author = {{E}spinosa-{A}lvarez, {O}. and {O}rtiz, {P}. {A}. and {L}ima, {L}. and {C}osta-{M}artins, {A}. {G}. and {S}errano, {M}. {G}. and {H}erder, {S}t{\'e}phane and {B}uck, {G}. {A}. and {C}amargo, {E}. {P}. and {H}amilton, {P}. {B}. and {S}tevens, {J}. {R}. and {T}eixeira, {M}. {M}. {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}rypanosoma rangeli and {T}rypanosoma cruzi are generalist trypanosomes sharing a wide range of mammalian hosts; they are transmitted by triatomine bugs, and are the only trypanosomes infecting humans in the {N}eotropics. {T}heir origins, phylogenetic relationships, and emergence as human parasites have long been subjects of interest. {I}n the present study, taxon-rich analyses (20 trypanosome species from bats and terrestrial mammals) using ssr{RNA}, glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g{GAPDH}), heat shock protein-70 ({HSP}70) and {S}pliced {L}eader {RNA} sequences, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses using 11 single copy genes from 15 selected trypanosomes, provide increased resolution of relationships between species and clades, strongly supporting two main sister lineages: lineage {S}chizotrypanum, comprising {T}. cruzi and bat-restricted trypanosomes, and {T}ra[{T}ve-{T}co] formed by {T}. rangeli, {T}rypanosoma vespertilionis and {T}rypanosoma conorhini clades. {T}ve comprises {E}uropean {T}. vespertilionis and {A}frican {T}. vespertilionis-like of bats and bat cimicids characterised in the present study and {T}rypanosoma sp. {H}och reported in monkeys and herein detected in bats. {T}co included the triatomine-transmitted tropicopolitan {T}. conorhini from rats and the {A}frican {N}an{D}ouml trypanosome of civet (carnivore). {C}onsistent with their very close relationships, {T}ra[{T}ve-{T}co] species shared highly similar {S}pliced {L}eader {RNA} structures that were highly divergent from those of {S}chizotrypanum. {I}n a plausible evolutionary scenario, a bat trypanosome transmitted by cimicids gave origin to the deeply rooted {T}ra[{T}ve-{T}co] and {S}chizotrypanum lineages, and bat trypanosomes of diverse genetic backgrounds jumped to new hosts. {A} long and independent evolutionary history of {T}. rangeli more related to {O}ld {W}orld trypanosomes from bats, rats, monkeys and civets than to {S}chizotrypanum spp., and the adaptation of these distantly related trypanosomes to different niches of shared mammals and vectors, is consistent with the marked differences in transmission routes, life-cycles and host-parasite interactions, resulting in {T}. cruzi (but not {T}. rangeli) being pathogenic to humans.},
  keywords = {{A}merican human trypanosomiasis ; {B}at {M}onkey ; {C}imicid ; {DNA} barcoding ; {M}ultilocus phylogeny ; {E}volution ; {P}hylogeny ; {GUINEE} {BISSAU} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {AMERIQUE} {LATINE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nternational {J}ournal for {P}arasitology},
  volume = {48},
  numero = {7},
  pages = {569--584},
  ISSN = {0020-7519},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.008},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073171},
}