@article{fdi:010073157,
  title = {{T}o adapt or go extinct ? {T}he fate of megafaunal palm fruits under past global change},
  author = {{O}nstein, {R}. {E}. and {B}aker, {W}. {J}. and {C}ouvreur, {T}homas and {F}aurby, {S}. and {H}errera-{A}lsina, {L}. and {S}venning, {J}. {C}. and {K}issling, {W}. {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}ast global change may have forced animal-dispersed plants with megafaunal fruits to adapt or go extinct, but these processes have remained unexplored at broad spatio-temporal scales. {H}ere, we combine phylogenetic, distributional and fruit size data for more than 2500 palm ({A}recaceae) species in a time-slice diversification analysis to quantify how extinction and adaptation have changed over deep time. {O}ur results indicate that extinction rates of palms with megafaunal fruits have increased in the {N}ew {W}orld since the onset of the {Q}uaternary (2.6 million years ago). {I}n contrast, {O}ld {W}orld palms show a {Q}uaternary increase in transition rates towards evolving small fruits from megafaunal fruits. {W}e suggest that {Q}uaternary climate oscillations and concurrent habitat fragmentation and defaunation of megafaunal frugivores in the {N}ew {W}orld have reduced seed dispersal distances and geographical ranges of palms with megafaunal fruits, resulting in their extinction. {T}he increasing adaptation to smaller fruits in the {O}ld {W}orld could reflect selection for seed dispersal by ocean-crossing frugivores (e.g. medium-sized birds and bats) to colonize {I}ndo-{P}acific islands against a background of {Q}uaternary sea-level fluctuations. {O}ur macro-evolutionary results suggest that megafaunal fruits are increasingly being lost from tropical ecosystems, either due to extinctions or by adapting to smaller fruit sizes.},
  keywords = {biodiversity ; extinction ; frugivory ; global change ; megafauna},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {R}oyal {S}ociety {B} : {B}iological {S}ciences},
  volume = {285},
  numero = {1880},
  pages = {art. 20180882 [9 p.]},
  ISSN = {0962-8452},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1098/rspb.2018.0882},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073157},
}