@article{fdi:010073153,
  title = {{P}yrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector {A}nopheles arabiensis in {N}ouakchott, {M}auritania},
  author = {{M}int {M}ohamed {L}emine, {A}. and {O}uld {L}emrabott, {M}. {A}. and {N}iang, {E}. {H}. {A}. and {B}asco, {L}eonardo and {B}ogreau, {H}. and {F}aye, {O}. and {O}uld {M}ohamed {S}alem {B}oukhary, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {M}auritania is one of the {A}frican countries with ongoing malaria transmission where data on insecticide resistance of local malaria vectors are limited despite an increasing use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets ({LLIN}s) as the main intervention for vector control. {T}his study presents an evaluation of the level of insecticide resistance of {A}nopheles arabiensis in {N}ouakchott. {M}ethods: {A}nopheles gambiae (s.l.) larvae were collected in breeding sites during the rainy season ({A}ugust-{S}eptember) in 2015 and 2016 from two selected sites in {N}ouakchott and reared until emergence. {A}dult anopheline mosquitoes were tested against malathion (5%), bendiocarb (0.1%), permethrin (0.75%) and deltamethrin (0.05%) using standard {W}orld {H}ealth {O}rganization ({WHO}) insecticide-impregnated papers. {PCR} assays were used for the identification of {A}n. gambiae (s.l.) sibling species as well as knockdown resistance (kdr). {R}esults: {T}he mean knockdown times 50% ({KDT}50) and 95% ({KDT}95) were 66 +/- 17 and 244 +/- 13 min, respectively, for permethrin in 2015. {T}he {KDT}50 and the {KDT}95 were 39 +/- 13 and 119 +/- 13 min, respectively, for deltamethrin. {T}he {KDT}50 and the {KDT}95 doubled for both molecules in 2016. {T}he mortality rates 24 h post-exposure revealed that {A}n. arabiensis populations in {N}ouakchott were fully susceptible to bendiocarb and malathion in 2015 as well as in 2016, while they were resistant to permethrin (51.9% mortality in 2015 and 24.1% mortality in 2016) and to deltamethrin (83.7% mortality in 2015 and 39.1% mortality in 2016). {T}he molecular identification showed that {A}nopheles arabiensis was the only malaria vector species collected in {N}ouakchott in 2015 and 2016. {B}oth the {W}est and {E}ast {A}frican kdr mutant alleles were found in {A}n. arabiensis mosquitoes surviving exposure to pyrethroid insecticide, with a high rate of homozygous resistant genotypes (54.3% for the {W}est {A}frican kdr mutation and 21.4% for the {E}ast {A}frican kdr mutation) and a significant departure from {H}ardy-{W}einberg proportions (chi(2) 134, df = 3, {P} < 0.001). {C}onclusions: {T}he study showed high levels of pyrethroid resistance in {A}n. arabiensis populations in {N}ouakchott and presence of both {W}est and {E}ast {A}frican kdr alleles in the resistant phenotype. {T}hese results highlight a need for routine monitoring of susceptibility of malaria vector populations to insecticides used in public health programs.},
  keywords = {{P}yrethroids ; {I}nsecticides ; {R}esistance ; kdr ; {A}nopheles arabiensis ; {N}ouakchott ; {M}auritania ; {MAURITANIE} ; {NOUAKCHOTT}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 344 [8 p.]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-018-2923-4},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073153},
}