@article{fdi:010073150,
  title = {{I}mplications of insecticide resistance for malaria vector control with long-lasting insecticidal nets: a {WHO}-coordinated, prospective, international, observational cohort study},
  author = {{K}leinschmidt, {I}. and {B}radley, {J}. and {K}nox, {T}. {B}. and {M}nzava, {A}. {P}. and {K}afy, {H}. {T}. and {M}bogo, {C}. and {I}smail, {B}. {A}. and {B}igoga, {J}. {D}. and {A}dechoubou, {A}. and {R}aghavendra, {K}. and {C}ook, {J}. and {M}alik, {E}. {M}. and {N}kuni, {Z}. {J}. and {M}acdonald, {M}. and {B}ayoh, {N}. and {O}chomo, {E}. and {F}ondjo, {E}. and {A}wono-{A}mbene, {H}. {P}. and {E}tang, {J}. and {A}kogbeto, {M}. and {B}hatt, {R}. {M}. and {C}hourasia, {M}. {K}. and {S}wain, {D}. {K}. and {K}inyari, {T}. and {S}ubramaniam, {K}. and {M}assougbodji, {A}. and {O}ke-{S}opoh, {M}. and {O}gouyemi-{H}ounto, {A}. and {K}ouambeng, {C}. and {A}bdin, {M}. {S}. and {W}est, {P}. and {E}lmardi, {K}. and {C}orn{\'e}lie, {S}ylvie and {C}orbel, {V}incent and {V}alecha, {N}. and {M}athenge, {E}. and {K}amau, {L}. and {L}ines, {J}. and {D}onnelly, {M}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {S}cale-up of insecticide-based interventions has averted more than 500 million malaria cases since 2000. {I}ncreasing insecticide resistance could herald a rebound in disease and mortality. {W}e aimed to investigate whether insecticide resistance was associated with loss of effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets and increased malaria disease burden. {M}ethods {T}his {WHO}-coordinated, prospective, observational cohort study was done at 279 clusters (villages or groups of villages in which phenotypic resistance was measurable) in {B}enin, {C}ameroon, {I}ndia, {K}enya, and {S}udan. {P}yrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets were the principal form of malaria vector control in all study areas; in {S}udan this approach was supplemented by indoor residual spraying. {C}ohorts of children from randomly selected households in each cluster were recruited and followed up by community health workers to measure incidence of clinical malaria and prevalence of infection. {M}osquitoes were assessed for susceptibility to pyrethroids using the standard {WHO} bioassay test. {C}ountry-specific results were combined using meta-analysis. {F}indings {B}etween {J}une 2, 2012, and {N}ov 4, 2016, 40 000 children were enrolled and assessed for clinical incidence during 1.4 million follow-up visits. 80 000 mosquitoes were assessed for insecticide resistance. {L}ong-lasting insecticidal net users had lower infection prevalence (adjusted odds ratio [{OR}] 0.63, 95% {CI} 0.51-0.78) and disease incidence (adjusted rate ratio [{RR}] 0.62, 0.41-0.94) than did non-users across a range of resistance levels. {W}e found no evidence of an association between insecticide resistance and infection prevalence (adjusted {OR} 0.86, 0.70-1.06) or incidence (adjusted {RR} 0.89, 0.72-1.10). {U}sers of nets, although significantly better protected than non-users, were nevertheless subject to high malaria infection risk (ranging from an average incidence in net users of 0.023, [95% {CI} 0.016-0.033] per person-year in {I}ndia, to 0.80 [0.65-0.97] per person year in {K}enya; and an average infection prevalence in net users of 0.8% [0.5-1.3] in {I}ndia to an average infection prevalence of 50.8% [43.4-58,2] in {B}enin). {I}nterpretation {I}rrespective of resistance, populations in malaria endemic areas should continue to use long-lasting insecticidal nets to reduce their risk of infection. {A}s nets provide only partial protection, the development of additional vector control tools should be prioritised to reduce the unacceptably high malaria burden.},
  keywords = {{BENIN} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {INDE} ; {KENYA} ; {SOUDAN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{L}ancet {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {640--649},
  ISSN = {1473-3099},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30172-5},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073150},
}