@article{fdi:010073143,
  title = {{M}ultiple shifts to open habitats in {M}elastomateae ({M}elastomataceae) congruent with the increase of {A}frican {N}eogene climatic aridity},
  author = {{V}eranso-{L}ibalah, {M}. {C}. and {K}adereit, {G}. and {S}tone, {R}. {D}. and {C}ouvreur, {T}homas},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}im: {A}frican {M}elastomateae ({M}elastomataceae) comprise c.185 species occurring in closed or open habitats throughout sub-{S}aharan {A}frica. {W}e sought to reconstruct biogeographical and habitat history, and shifts in diversification rates of {A}frican {M}elastomateae using a well-sampled, dated molecular phylogeny. {L}ocation: {A}mericas, sub-{S}aharan {A}frica, {M}adagascar, {SE} {A}sia. {T}axon: {A}ngiosperms, {M}elastomataceae, {A}frican {M}elastomateae. {M}ethods: {P}hylogenetic relationships were estimated based on an extensive sampling of {N}ew and {O}ld {W}orld {M}elastomateae, using two nuclear and three plastid markers. {D}ivergence times were estimated in {BEAST} based on three calibration priors under {B}ayesian uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock and birth-death speciation process. {T}he dated phylogeny was used to infer the biogeographical history under a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model in "{B}io{G}eo{BEARS}". {T}he ancestral habitat of {A}frican {M}elastomateae was estimated using maximum likelihood and stochastic character mapping in "{P}hytools" and "ape" respectively. {F}inally, shifts in diversification rates were tested using {BAMM}. {R}esults: {M}elastomateae dispersed from {S}outh {A}merica to {A}frica during the {O}ligocene with subsequent dispersals to {M}adagascar and {SE} {A}sia during the {M}iddle {M}iocene. {A}ncestral {A}frican {M}elastomateae were adapted to closed habitats with at least 12 shifts to open habitats occurring during the {M}iddle {M}iocene or {P}liocene. {S}peciation rates steadily increased since the {N}eogene, and none of the habitat shifts led to a significant increase in diversification rates. {M}ain conclusions: {L}ong-distance dispersal from {S}outh {A}merica during the {E}arly {M}iocene explains the origin of {A}frican {M}elastomateae. {T}he inferred adaptation to open habitats from an ancestrally closed habitat is congruent with the {N}eogene increase of aridity across {A}frica. {T}he adaptation to open habitats during the {N}eogene is an important driver of {A}frican plant diversity, but is not always followed by increased diversification rates.},
  keywords = {{A}frica ; biogeography ; closed habitats ; divergence time ; diversification ; grassland ; habitat shifts ; {M}elastomataceae ; {N}eogene ; open habitats ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {B}iogeography},
  volume = {45},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {1420--1431},
  ISSN = {0305-0270},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1111/jbi.13210},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073143},
}