%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Gaubert, Philippe
%A Antunes, A.
%A Meng, H.
%A Miao, L.
%A Peigne, S.
%A Justy, F.
%A Njiokou, F.
%A Dufour, S.
%A Danquah, E.
%A Alahakoon, J.
%A Verheyen, E.
%A Stanley, W. T.
%A O'Brien, S. J.
%A Johnson, W. E.
%A Luo, S. J.
%T The complete phylogeny of pangolins : scaling up resources for the molecular tracing of the most trafficked mammals on earth
%D 2018
%L fdi:010073024
%G ENG
%J Journal of Heredity
%@ 0022-1503
%K diversification scenario ; molecular phylogenetics ; Pholidota ; Phatagininae subfam. nov ; species delimitation ; wildlife trade
%M ISI:000432311600001
%N 4
%P 347-359
%R 10.1093/jhered/esx097
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073024
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2018/06/010073024.pdf
%V 109
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Pangolins, considered the most-trafficked mammals on Earth, are rapidly heading to extinction. Eight extant species of these African and Asian scale-bodied anteaters are commonly recognized, but their evolutionary relationships remain largely unexplored. Here, we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of pangolins, based on genetic variation of complete mitogenomes and 9 nuclear genes. We confirm deep divergence among Asian and African pangolins occurring not later than the Oligocene-Miocene boundary ca. 23 million years ago (Ma) (95% HPD = 18.7-27.2), limited fossil evidence suggesting dispersals from Europe. We recognize 3 genera including Manis (Asian pangolins), Smutsia (large African pangolins), and Phataginus (small African pangolins), which first diversified in the Middle-Upper Miocene (9.8-13.3 Ma) through a period of gradual cooling coinciding with a worldwide taxonomic diversification among mammals. Based on large mitogenomic distances among the 3 genera (18.3-22.8%) and numerous (18) morphological traits unique to Phataginus, we propose the subfamily Phatagininae subfam. nov. to designate small African pangolins. In contrast with the morphological-based literature, our results establish that the thick-tailed pangolin (Mams crassicaudata) is sister-species of the Sunda (Manis javanica) and Palawan (Manis culionensis) pangolins. Mitogenomic phylogenetic delineations supported additional pangolin species subdivisions (n = 13), including 6 African common pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) lineages, but these patterns were not fully supported by our multi-locus approach. Finally, we identified more than 5000 informative mitogenomic sites and diagnostic variation from 5 nuclear genes among all species and lineages of pangolins, providing an important resource for further research and for effectively tracing the worldwide pangolin trade.
%$ 080