@article{fdi:010073024,
  title = {{T}he complete phylogeny of pangolins : scaling up resources for the molecular tracing of the most trafficked mammals on earth},
  author = {{G}aubert, {P}hilippe and {A}ntunes, {A}. and {M}eng, {H}. and {M}iao, {L}. and {P}eigne, {S}. and {J}usty, {F}. and {N}jiokou, {F}. and {D}ufour, {S}. and {D}anquah, {E}. and {A}lahakoon, {J}. and {V}erheyen, {E}. and {S}tanley, {W}. {T}. and {O}'{B}rien, {S}. {J}. and {J}ohnson, {W}. {E}. and {L}uo, {S}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}angolins, considered the most-trafficked mammals on {E}arth, are rapidly heading to extinction. {E}ight extant species of these {A}frican and {A}sian scale-bodied anteaters are commonly recognized, but their evolutionary relationships remain largely unexplored. {H}ere, we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of pangolins, based on genetic variation of complete mitogenomes and 9 nuclear genes. {W}e confirm deep divergence among {A}sian and {A}frican pangolins occurring not later than the {O}ligocene-{M}iocene boundary ca. 23 million years ago ({M}a) (95% {HPD} = 18.7-27.2), limited fossil evidence suggesting dispersals from {E}urope. {W}e recognize 3 genera including {M}anis ({A}sian pangolins), {S}mutsia (large {A}frican pangolins), and {P}hataginus (small {A}frican pangolins), which first diversified in the {M}iddle-{U}pper {M}iocene (9.8-13.3 {M}a) through a period of gradual cooling coinciding with a worldwide taxonomic diversification among mammals. {B}ased on large mitogenomic distances among the 3 genera (18.3-22.8%) and numerous (18) morphological traits unique to {P}hataginus, we propose the subfamily {P}hatagininae subfam. nov. to designate small {A}frican pangolins. {I}n contrast with the morphological-based literature, our results establish that the thick-tailed pangolin ({M}ams crassicaudata) is sister-species of the {S}unda ({M}anis javanica) and {P}alawan ({M}anis culionensis) pangolins. {M}itogenomic phylogenetic delineations supported additional pangolin species subdivisions (n = 13), including 6 {A}frican common pangolin ({P}hataginus tricuspis) lineages, but these patterns were not fully supported by our multi-locus approach. {F}inally, we identified more than 5000 informative mitogenomic sites and diagnostic variation from 5 nuclear genes among all species and lineages of pangolins, providing an important resource for further research and for effectively tracing the worldwide pangolin trade.},
  keywords = {diversification scenario ; molecular phylogenetics ; {P}holidota ; {P}hatagininae subfam. nov ; species delimitation ; wildlife trade},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {H}eredity},
  volume = {109},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {347--359},
  ISSN = {0022-1503},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1093/jhered/esx097},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073024},
}