@article{fdi:010072994,
  title = {{A} multiscale gaming approach to understand farmer's decision making in the boom of maize cultivation in {L}aos},
  author = {{O}rnetsmüller, {C}. and {C}astella, {J}ean-{C}hristophe and {V}erburg, {P}.{H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {S}outheast {A}sia, the rapid expansion of boom crops like hybrid maize, rubber, oil palm, or banana, has brought about daunting environmental and socioeconomic impacts such as deforestation, land degradation, and indebtedness. {W}hy do farmers engage in and keep on pursuing this farming strategy despite the adverse effects on local landscapes and livelihoods? {I}n the context of the northern uplands of {L}ao {P}eople's {D}emocratic {R}epublic ({L}ao {PDR}), we developed an innovative approach to understanding the decisions that lead to the emergence of the maize boom. {W}e successively studied the adoption, expansion, intensification, diversification, and abandonment of intensive maize practices in locations in which these phases were ongoing at the time of study. {T}o better contextualize decision making, we designed and applied local, serious games with farmers in seven different villages that were going through a maize boom. {T}hen we designed a metagame that summarized our findings across all decision phases and local games in a generalized form. {N}ational agricultural experts validated the structure of the metagame by taking on the role of farmers and they witnessed that their cumulative decision making within the metagame lead to a maize boom too. {C}ore findings include: (1) the maize boom and bust can be reproduced in a game environment that simulates the change of six factor combinations; and (2) {F}armers in northern {L}aos reinvest maize profits into their long-term, socioeconomic goals. {T}he approach presented combines micro- and macrolevel analysis of land-use change. {O}n the one hand, it allows the exploration of the local, social-ecological contexts of land-use decisions. {O}n the other hand, it provides a systematic procedure to scale up, generalize, and test the contextual knowledge and systemic understanding of a complex, large-scale land-use change process.},
  keywords = {{SYSTEME} {AGRAIRE} ; {INTENSIFICATION} {DE} {L}'{AGRICULTURE} ; {UTILISATION} {DU} {SOL} ; {MAIS} ; {INNOVATION} ; {SIMULATION} ; {AIDE} {A} {LA} {DECISION} ; {ANALYSE} {SYSTEMIQUE} ; {TRANSITION} {AGRAIRE} ; {STRATEGIE} {PAYSANNE} ; {LAOS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}cology and {S}ociety},
  volume = {23},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {art. 35 [25 ]},
  ISSN = {1708-3087},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.5751/{ES}-10104-230235},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072994},
}