@article{fdi:010072859,
  title = {{H}ow good is your marine protected area at curbing threats ?},
  author = {{Z}upan, {M}. and {B}ulleri, {F}. and {E}vans, {J}. and {F}raschetti, {S}. and {G}uidetti, {P}. and {G}arcia-{R}ubies, {A}. and {S}ostres, {M}. and {A}snaghi, {V}. and {C}aro, {A}. and {D}eudero, {S}. and {G}oni, {R}. and {G}uarnieri, {G}. and {G}uilhaumon, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {K}ersting, {D}. and {K}okkali, {A}. and {K}ruschel, {C}. and {M}acic, {V}. and {M}angialajo, {L}. and {M}allol, {S}. and {M}acpherson, {E}. and {P}anucci, {A}. and {R}adolovic, {M}. and {R}amdani, {M}. and {S}chembri, {P}. {J}. and {T}erlizzi, {A}. and {V}illa, {E}. and {C}laudet, {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}arine protected areas ({MPA}s) are key tools to mitigate human impacts in coastal environments, promoting sustainable activities to conserve biodiversity. {T}he designation of {MPA}s alone may not result in the lessening of some human threats, which is highly dependent on management goals and the related specific regulations that are adopted. {H}ere, we develop and operationalize a local threat assessment framework. {W}e develop indices to quantify the effectiveness of {MPA}s (or individual zones within {MPA}s in the case of multiple-use {MPA}s) in reducing anthropogenic extractive and non-extractive threats operating at local scale, focusing specifically on threats that can be managed through {MPA}s. {W}e apply this framework in 15 {M}editerranean {MPA}s to assess their threat reduction capacity. {W}e show that fully protected areas effectively eliminate extractive activities, whereas the intensity of artisanal and recreational fishing within partially protected areas, paradoxically, is higher than that found outside {MPA}s, questioning their ability at reaching conservation targets. {I}n addition, both fully and partially protected areas attract non-extractive activities that are potential threats. {O}verall, only three of the 15 {MPA}s had lower intensities for the entire set of eight threats considered, in respect to adjacent control unprotected areas. {U}nderstanding the intensity and occurrence of human threats operating at the local scale inside and around {MPA}s is important for assessing {MPA}s effectiveness in achieving the goals they have been designed for, informing management strategies, and prioritizing specific actions.},
  keywords = {{F}ully protected area ; {P}artially protected area ; {M}anagement ; {E}xtractive activities ; {N}on-extractive activities ; {M}arine use},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}iological {C}onservation},
  volume = {221},
  numero = {},
  pages = {237--245},
  ISSN = {0006-3207},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.biocon.2018.03.013},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072859},
}