@article{fdi:010072761,
  title = {{E}arliest animal cranial surgery : from cow to man in the {N}eolithic},
  author = {{R}ozzi, {F}. {R}. and {F}roment, {A}lain},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he earliest cranial surgery (trepanation) has been attested since the {M}esolithic period. {T}he meaning of such a practice remains elusive but it is evident that, even in prehistoric times, humans from this period and from the {N}eolithic period had already achieved a high degree of mastery of surgical techniques practiced on bones. {H}ow such mastery was acquired in prehistoric societies remains an open question. {T}he analysis of an almost complete cow cranium found in the {N}eolithic site of {C}hamp-{D}urand ({F}rance) (3400-3000 {BC}) presenting a hole in the right frontal bone reveals that this cranium underwent cranial surgery using the same techniques as those used on human crania. {I}f bone surgery on the cow cranium was performed in order to save the animal, {C}hamp-{D}urant would provide the earliest evidence of veterinary surgical practice. {A}lternatively, the evidence of surgery on this cranium can also suggest that {N}eolithic people practiced on domestic animals in order to perfect the technique before applying it to humans.},
  keywords = {{FRANCE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cientific {R}eports - {N}ature},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 5536 [5 p.]},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-018-23914-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072761},
}