@article{fdi:010072059,
  title = {{R}apid decline of snow and ice in the tropical {A}ndes : {I}mpacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead},
  author = {{V}uille, {M}. and {C}arey, {M}. and {H}uggel, {C}. and {B}uytaert, {W}. and {R}abatel, {A}. and {J}acobsen, {D}. and {S}oruco, {A}. and {V}illacis, {M}. and {Y}arleque, {C}. and {T}imm, {O}. {E}. and {C}ondom, {T}homas and {S}alzmann, {N}. and {S}icart, {J}ean-{E}mmanuel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{G}laciers in the tropical {A}ndes have been retreating for the past several decades, leading to a temporary increase in dry season water supply downstream. {P}rojected future glacier shrinkage, however, will lead to a long-term reduction in dry season river discharge from glacierized catchments. {T}his glacier retreat is closely related to the observed increase in high-elevation, surface air temperature in the region. {F}uture projections using a simple freezing level height-equilibrium-line altitude scaling approach suggest that glaciers in the inner tropics, such as {A}ntizana in {E}cuador, may be most vulnerable to future warming while glaciers in the more arid outer tropics, such as {Z}ongo in {B}olivia, may persist, albeit in a smaller size, throughout the 21st century regardless of emission scenario. {N}onetheless many uncertainties persist, most notably problems with accurate snowfall measurements in the glacier accumulation zone, uncertainties in establishing accurate thickness measurements on glaciers, unknown future changes associated with local-scale circulation and cloud cover affecting glacier energy balance, the role of aerosols and in particular black carbon deposition on {A}ndean glaciers, and the role of groundwater and aquifers interacting with glacier meltwater. {T}he reduction in water supply for export-oriented agriculture, mining, hydropower production and human consumption are the most commonly discussed concerns associated with glacier retreat, but many other aspects including glacial hazards, tourism and recreation, and ecosystem integrity are also affected by glacier retreat. {S}ocial and political problems surrounding water allocation for subsistence fanning have led to conflicts due to lack of adequate water governance. {L}ocal water management practices in many regions reflect cultural belief systems, perceptions and spiritual values and glacier retreat in some places is seen as a threat to these local livelihoods. {C}omprehensive adaptation strategies, if they are to be successful, therefore need to consider science, policy, culture and practice, and involve local populations. {P}lanning needs to be based not only on future scenarios derived from physically-based numerical models, but must also consider societal needs, economic agendas, political conflicts, socioeconomic inequality and cultural values. {T}his review elaborates on the need for adaptation as well as the challenges and constraints many adaptation projects are faced with, and lays out future directions where opportunities exist to develop successful, culturally acceptable and sustainable adaptation strategies.},
  keywords = {{A}ndes ; {G}laciers ; {C}limate change ; {W}ater resources ; {A}daptation ; {EQUATEUR} ; {PEROU} ; {BOLIVIE} ; {CHILI} ; {ANDES} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}arth {S}cience {R}eviews},
  volume = {176},
  numero = {},
  pages = {195--213},
  ISSN = {0012-8252},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.09.019},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072059},
}