@article{fdi:010071938,
  title = {{T}hree-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography of the {S}olfatara crater ({I}taly) : implication for the multiphase flow structure of the shallow hydrothermal system},
  author = {{G}resse, {M}. and {V}andemeulebrouck, {J}. and {B}yrdina, {S}vetlana and {C}hiodini, {G}. and {R}evil, {A}. and {J}ohnson, {T}. {C}. and {R}icci, {T}. and {V}ilardo, {G}. and {M}angiacapra, {A}. and {L}ebourg, {T}. and {G}rangeon, {J}. and {B}ascou, {P}. and {M}etral, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {S}olfatara volcano is the main degassing area of the {C}ampi {F}legrei caldera, characterized by 60years of unrest. {A}ssessing such renewal activity is a challenging task because hydrothermal interactions with magmatic gases remain poorly understood. {I}n this study, we decipher the complex structure of the shallow {S}olfatara hydrothermal system by performing the first 3-{D}, high-resolution, electrical resistivity tomography of the volcano. {T}he 3-{D} resistivity model was obtained from the inversion of 43,432 resistance measurements performed on an area of 0.68km(2). {T}he proposed interpretation of the multiphase hydrothermal structures is based on the resistivity model, a high-resolution infrared surface temperature image, and 1,136 soil {CO}2 flux measurements. {I}n addition, we realized 27 soil cation exchange capacity and p{H} measurements demonstrating a negligible contribution of surface conductivity to the shallow bulk electrical conductivity. {H}ence, we show that the resistivity changes are mainly controlled by fluid content and temperature. {T}he high-resolution tomograms identify for the first time the structure of the gas-dominated reservoir at 60m depth that feeds the {B}occa {G}rande fumarole through a 10m thick channel. {I}n addition, the resistivity model reveals a channel-like conductive structure where the liquid produced by steam condensation around the main fumaroles flows down to the {F}angaia area within a buried fault. {T}he model delineates the emplacement of the main geological structures: {M}ount {O}libano, {S}olfatara cryptodome, and tephra deposits. {I}t also reveals the anatomy of the hydrothermal system, especially two liquid-dominated plumes, the {F}angaia mud pool and the {P}isciarelli fumarole, respectively.},
  keywords = {electrical resistivity tomography ; hydrothermal system ; {S}olfatara volcano ; {C}ampi {F}legrei caldera ; fumarole ; {ITALIE} ; {SOLFATARA} {VOLCAN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {S}olid {E}arth},
  volume = {122},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {8749--8768},
  ISSN = {2169-9313},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1002/2017jb014389},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071938},
}