@article{fdi:010071336,
  title = {{T}he {PMIP}4 contribution to {CMIP}6-{P}art 3 : the last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the {PMIP}4 past1000 simulations},
  author = {{J}ungclaus, {J}. {H}. and {B}ard, {E}. and {B}aroni, {M}. and {B}raconnot, {P}. and {C}ao, {J}. and {C}hini, {L}. {P}. and {E}gorova, {T}. and {E}vans, {M}. and {G}onzalez-{R}ouco, {J}. {F}. and {G}oosse, {H}. and {H}urtt, {G}. {C}. and {J}oos, {F}. and {K}aplan, {J}. {O}. and {K}hodri, {M}yriam and {G}oldewijk, {K}. {K}. and {K}rivova, {N}. and {L}e{G}rande, {A}. {N}. and {L}orenz, {S}. {J}. and {L}uterbacher, {J}. and {M}an, {W}. {M}. and {M}aycock, {A}. {C}. and {M}einshausen, {M}. and {M}oberg, {A}. and {M}uscheler, {R}. and {N}ehrbass-{A}hles, {C}. and {O}tto-{B}liesner, {B}. {I}. and {P}hipps, {S}. {J}. and {P}ongratz, {J}. and {R}ozanov, {E}. and {S}chmidt, {G}. {A}. and {S}chmidt, {H}. and {S}chmutz, {W}. and {S}churer, {A}. and {S}hapiro, {A}. {I}. and {S}igl, {M}. and {S}merdon, {J}. {E}. and {S}olanki, {S}. {K}. and {T}immreck, {C}. and {T}oohey, {M}. and {U}soskin, {I}. {G}. and {W}agner, {S}. and {W}u, {C}. {J}. and {Y}eo, {K}. {L}. and {Z}anchettin, {D}. and {Z}hang, {Q}. and {Z}orita, {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the {P}aleoclimate {M}odel {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({PMIP}) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the {C}oupled {M}odel {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({CMIP}6) and the fourth phase of the {PMIP} ({PMIP}4). {T}he past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too different from today, and to discriminate between forced and internally generated variability on interannual to centennial timescales. {T}his paper describes the motivation and the experimental set-ups for the {PMIP}4-{CMIP}6 past1000 simulations, and discusses the forcing agents orbital, solar, volcanic, and land use/land cover changes, and variations in greenhouse gas concentrations. {T}he past1000 simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium from 850 {C}ommon {E}ra ({CE}) to 1849 {CE} have to be complemented by historical simulations (1850 to 2014 {CE}) following the {CMIP}6 protocol. {T}he external forcings for the past1000 experiments have been adapted to provide a seamless transition across these time periods. {P}rotocols for the past1000 simulations have been divided into three tiers. {A} default forcing data set has been defined for the {T}ier 1 (the {CMIP}6 past1000) experiment. {H}owever, the {PMIP} community has maintained the flexibility to conduct coordinated sensitivity experiments to explore uncertainty in forcing reconstructions as well as parameter uncertainty in dedicated {T}ier 2 simulations. {A}dditional experiments ({T}ier 3) are defined to foster collaborative model experiments focusing on the early instrumental period and to extend the temporal range and the scope of the simulations. {T}his paper outlines current and future research foci and common analyses for collaborative work between the {PMIP} and the observational communities (reconstructions, instrumental data).},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eoscientific {M}odel {D}evelopment},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {4005--4033},
  ISSN = {1991-959{X}},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071336},
}