@article{fdi:010071234,
  title = {{C}hanges in carbon and nutrient fluxes from headwaters to ocean in a mountainous temperate to subtropical basin},
  author = {{M}utema, {M}. and {C}hivenge, {P}. and {N}ivet, {F}. and {R}abouille, {C}. and {T}hieu, {V}. and {C}haplot, {V}incent},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}ater erosion provides major links in global cycles of carbon ({C}), nitrogen ({N}) and phosphorus ({P}). {A}lthough significant research on erosion mechanisms has been done, there is still little knowledge on {C}, {N} and {P} fluxes across landscapes to the ocean and their controlling factors in subtropical climates. {A} four-year study quantifying and comparing particulate and dissolved {C}, {N} and {P} from multiple scales (microplot, plot, microcatchment, subcatchment, catchment, sub-basin and basin) was performed in {T}hukela basin (approximate to 30 000km(2)), {S}outh {A}frica. {T}he basin climate was largely subtropical-humid [mean annual precipitation ({MAP})>980mm yr(-1)], but temperate ({MAP} >2000mm yr(-1)) on the highlands. {O}pen grassland, cropland and bushland were the major land uses. {O}n average, 65, 24 and 4g m(-2)yr(-1) {C}, {N} and {P} were displaced from original topsoil positions, but only 0.33, 0.005 and 0.002mg m(-2)yr(-1) were, respectively, exported to the ocean. {T}he fluxes decreased by 95, 97 and 84%, respectively, from plot to microcatchment outlet; and decreased further in downstream direction by >99% from microcatchment to basin outlet. {T}he hillslope (microplot to microcatchment) fluxes correlated strongly with rainfall parameters. {P}articulate contributions dominated hillslope fluxes at 73, 81 and 76% of total annual {C}, {N} and {P}, respectively. {A}lthough particulate {C} dominated in the microcatchment-catchment reach (55%), {N} (54%) and {P} (69%) were dominated by dissolved forms. {T}he lower basin zone was dominated by dissolved flux contributions at 93, 81 and 78% for {C}, {N} and {P} for the sub-basin outlet. {T}hese results suggested spatially varying drivers of {C}, {N} and {P} losses from the landscape to the ocean, via the river network. {D}eposition was envisaged the dominant hillslope level loss process, which gradually gave way to mineralization and biotic uptake in the river network as flux contributions shifted from being predominantly particulate to dissolved forms.},
  keywords = {mineralization ; {C} and nutrient fluxes ; preferential detachment ; selective deposition ; transitory sites ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD} ; {THUKELA} {BASSIN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}arth {S}urface {P}rocesses and {L}andforms},
  volume = {42},
  numero = {13},
  pages = {2038--2053},
  ISSN = {0197-9337},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1002/esp.4170},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071234},
}