@article{fdi:010071029,
  title = {{C}ontributions of cuticle permeability and enzyme detoxification to pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector {A}nopheles gambiae},
  author = {{Y}ahouedo, {G}. {A}. and {C}handre, {F}abrice and {R}ossignol, {M}arie and {G}inibre, {C}arole and {B}alabanidou, {V}. and {M}endez, {N}. {G}. {A}. and {P}igeon, {O}. and {V}ontas, {J}. and {C}orn{\'e}lie, {S}ylvie},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}o tackle the problem of insecticide resistance, all resistance mechanisms need to be studied. {T}his study investigated the involvement of the cuticle in pyrethroid resistance in a strain of {A}nopheles gambiae, {MRS}, free of kdr mutations. {B}ioassays revealed {MRS} to be resistant to pyrethroids and {DDT}, indicated by increasing knockdown times and resistance ratios. {M}oreover, biochemical analysis indicated that metabolic resistance based on enhanced {CYP}450 activity may also play a role. {I}nsecticide penetration assays showed that there were significantly lower amounts of insecticide in the {MRS} strain than in the susceptible control. {A}nalysis of the levels of the selected transcripts by q{PCR} showed that {CYP}6{M}2, a major pyrethroid metaboliser, {CYP}4{G}16, a gene implicated in resistance via its contribution to the biosynthesis of elevated epicuticular hydrocarbons that delay insecticide uptake, and the cuticle genes {CPAP}3-{E} and {CPLCX}1 were upregulated after insecticide exposure. {O}ther metabolic ({CYP}6{P}3, {GST}e2) and cuticle ({CPLCG}3, {CPR}s) genes were also constitutively upregulated. {M}icroscopic analysis showed that the cuticle layers of the {MRS} strain were significantly thicker than those of the susceptible strain. {T}his study allowed us to assess the contribution made by the cuticle and metabolic mechanisms to pyrethroid resistance in {A}nopheles gambiae without target-site mutations.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cientific {R}eports - {N}ature},
  volume = {7},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 11091 [10 p.]},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-017-11357-z},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071029},
}