@article{fdi:010070913, title = {{I}mportance of microorganisms to macroorganisms invasions : is the essential invisible to the eye ? ({T}he {L}ittle {P}rince, {A}. de {S}aint-{E}xupery, 1943)}, author = {{A}msellem, {L}. and {B}rouat, {C}arine and {D}uron, {O}. and {P}orter, {S}. {S}. and {V}ilcinskas, {A}. and {F}acon, {B}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{M}icroorganisms comprise the majority of earth's biodiversity and are integral to biosphere processes. {B}iological invasions are no exception to this trend. {T}he success of introduced macroorganisms can be deeply influenced by diverse microorganisms ( bacteria, virus, fungus and protozoa) occupying the whole range of species interaction outcomes, from parasitism to obligate mutualism. {T}his large range of interactions, often coupled with complex historical and introduction events, can result in a wide variety of ecological dynamics. {I}n this chapter, we review different situations in which microorganisms affect biological invasions. {F}irst, we consider outcomes of microorganism loss during the introduction of alien species. {S}econd, we discuss positive effects of microorganisms on the invasiveness of their exotic hosts. {T}hird, we examine the influence of microorganisms hosted by native species on the success of introduced species. {F}inally, in an applied perspective, we envisage how microorganisms can be used (i) to better decipher invasion processes and (ii) as biological control agents.}, keywords = {enemy release hypothesis ; bacillus-thuringiensis toxins ; increased ; competitive ability ; rubus-alceifolius rosaceae ; ladybird ; harmonia-axyridis ; exotic plant invasions ; ant linepithema-humile ; biological-control ; soil biota ; {W}olbachia infection}, booktitle = {{N}etworks of invasion : empirical evidence and case studies}, journal = {{A}dvances in {E}cological {R}esearch}, volume = {57}, numero = {}, pages = {99--146}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.10.005}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070913}, }