@article{fdi:010070871,
  title = {{I}ntercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses},
  author = {{T}oyoda, {T}. and {F}ujii, {Y}. and {K}uragano, {T}. and {K}amachi, {M}. and {I}shikawa, {Y}. and {M}asuda, {S}. and {S}ato, {K}. and {A}waji, {T}. and {H}ernandez, {F}abrice and {F}erry, {N}. and {G}uinehut, {S}. and {M}artin, {M}. {J}. and {P}eterson, {K}. {A}. and {G}ood, {S}. {A}. and {V}aldivieso, {M}. and {H}aines, {K}. and {S}torto, {A}. and {M}asina, {S}. and {K}ohl, {A}. and {Z}uo, {H}. and {B}almaseda, {M}. and {Y}in, {Y}. {H}. and {S}hi, {L}. and {A}lves, {O}. and {S}mith, {G}. and {C}hang, {Y}. {S}. and {V}ernieres, {G}. and {W}ang, {X}. {C}. and {F}orget, {G}. and {H}eimbach, {P}. and {W}ang, {O}. and {F}ukumori, {I}. and {L}ee, {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ntercomparison and evaluation of the global ocean surface mixed layer depth ({MLD}) fields estimated from a suite of major ocean syntheses are conducted. {C}ompared with the reference {MLD}s calculated from individual profiles, {MLD}s calculated from monthly mean and gridded profiles show negative biases of 10-20 m in early spring related to the re-stratification process of relatively deep mixed layers. {V}ertical resolution of profiles also influences the {MLD} estimation. {MLD}s are underestimated by approximately 5-7 (14-16) m with the vertical resolution of 25 (50) m when the criterion of potential density exceeding the 10-m value by 0.03 kg m(-3) is used for the {MLD} estimation. {U}sing the larger criterion (0.125 kg m(-3)) generally reduces the underestimations. {I}n addition, positive biases greater than 100 m are found in wintertime subpolar regions when {MLD} criteria based on temperature are used. {B}iases of the reanalyses are due to both model errors and errors related to differences between the assimilation methods. {T}he result shows that these errors are partially cancelled out through the ensemble averaging. {M}oreover, the bias in the ensemble mean field of the reanalyses is smaller than in the observation-only analyses. {T}his is largely attributed to comparably higher resolutions of the reanalyses. {T}he robust reproduction of both the seasonal cycle and interannual variability by the ensemble mean of the reanalyses indicates a great potential of the ensemble mean {MLD} field for investigating and monitoring upper ocean processes.},
  keywords = {{O}cean reanalysis ; {M}ixed layer depth ; {O}cean {R}eanalyses {I}ntercomparison ; {P}roject ({ORA}-{IP}) ; {D}ata assimilation ; {O}cean general circulation model ; {I}sothermal layer depth ; {MONDE}},
  booktitle = {{O}cean estimation from an ensemble of global ocean reanalyses, consisting of papers from the {O}cean {R}eanalyses {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({ORAIP})},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {49},
  numero = {3 ({N}o sp{\'e}cial)},
  pages = {753--773},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-015-2637-7},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070871},
}