@article{fdi:010070869,
  title = {{A}n assessment of upper ocean salinity content from the {O}cean {R}eanalyses {I}nter-comparison {P}roject ({ORA}-{IP})},
  author = {{S}hi, {L}. and {A}lves, {O}. and {W}edd, {R}. and {B}almaseda, {M}. and {C}hang, {Y}. and {C}hepurin, {G}. and {F}erry, {N}. and {F}ujii, {Y}. and {G}aillard, {F}. and {G}ood, {S}. and {G}uinehut, {S}. and {H}aines, {K}. and {H}ernandez, {F}abrice and {L}ee, {T}. and {P}almer, {M}. and {P}eterson, {K}. {A}. and {M}asuda, {S}. and {S}torto, {A}. and {T}oyoda, {T}. and {V}aldivieso, {M}. and {V}ernieres, {G}. and {W}ang, {X}. and {Y}in, {Y}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}any institutions worldwide have developed ocean reanalyses systems ({ORA}s) utilizing a variety of ocean models and assimilation techniques. {H}owever, the quality of salinity reanalyses arising from the various {ORA}s has not yet been comprehensively assessed. {I}n this study, we assess the upper ocean salinity content (depth-averaged over 0-700 m) from 14 {ORA}s and 3 objective ocean analysis systems ({OOA}s) as part of the {O}cean {R}eanalyses {I}ntercomparison {P}roject. {O}ur results show that the best agreement between estimates of salinity from different {ORA}s is obtained in the tropical {P}acific, likely due to relatively abundant atmospheric and oceanic observations in this region. {T}he largest disagreement in salinity reanalyses is in the {S}outhern {O}cean along the {A}ntarctic circumpolar current as a consequence of the sparseness of both atmospheric and oceanic observations in this region. {T}he {W}est {P}acific warm pool is the largest region where the signal to noise ratio of reanalysed salinity anomalies is > 1. {T}herefore, the current salinity reanalyses in the tropical {P}acific {O}cean may be more reliable than those in the {S}outhern {O}cean and regions along the western boundary currents. {M}oreover, we found that the assimilation of salinity in ocean regions with relatively strong ocean fronts is still a common problem as seen in most {ORA}s. {T}he impact of the {A}rgo data on the salinity reanalyses is visible, especially within the upper 500 m, where the interannual variability is large. {T}he increasing trend in global-averaged salinity anomalies can only be found within the top 0-300 m layer, but with quite large diversity among different {ORA}s. {B}eneath the 300 m depth, the global-averaged salinity anomalies from most {ORA}s switch their trends from a slightly growing trend before 2002 to a decreasing trend after 2002. {T}he rapid switch in the trend is most likely an artefact of the dramatic change in the observing system due to the implementation of {A}rgo.},
  keywords = {{O}cean reanalyses ; {S}alinity content ; {I}ntercomparison ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE} ; {OCEAN} {AUSTRAL}},
  booktitle = {{O}cean estimation from an ensemble of global ocean reanalyses, consisting of papers from the {O}cean {R}eanalyses {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({ORAIP})},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {49},
  numero = {3 ({N}o sp{\'e}cial)},
  pages = {1009--1029},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-015-2868-7},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070869},
}