@article{fdi:010070332,
  title = {{I}nhibition of {RNA} polymerase {II} allows controlled mobilisation of retrotransposons for plant breeding},
  author = {{T}hieme, {M}. and {L}anciano, {S}ophie and {B}alzergue, {S}. and {D}accord, {N}. and {M}irouze, {M}arie and {B}ucher, {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {R}etrotransposons play a central role in plant evolution and could be a powerful endogenous source of genetic and epigenetic variability for crop breeding. {T}o ensure genome integrity several silencing mechanisms have evolved to repress retrotransposon mobility. {E}ven though retrotransposons fully depend on transcriptional activity of the host {RNA} polymerase {II} ({P}ol {II}) for their mobility, it was so far unclear whether {P}ol {II} is directly involved in repressing their activity. {R}esults: {H}ere we show that plants defective in {P}ol {II} activity lose {DNA} methylation at repeat sequences and produce more extrachromosomal retrotransposon {DNA} upon stress in {A}rabidopsis and rice. {W}e demonstrate that combined inhibition of both {DNA} methylation and {P}ol {II} activity leads to a strong stress-dependent mobilization of the heat responsive {ONSEN} retrotransposon in {A}rabidopsis seedlings. {T}he progenies of these treated plants contain up to 75 new {ONSEN} insertions in their genome which are stably inherited over three generations of selfing. {R}epeated application of heat stress in progeny plants containing increased numbers of {ONSEN} copies does not result in increased activation of this transposon compared to control lines. {P}rogenies with additional {ONSEN} copies show a broad panel of environment-dependent phenotypic diversity. {C}onclusions: {W}e demonstrate that {P}ol {II} acts at the root of transposon silencing. {T}his is important because it suggests that {P}ol {II} can regulate the speed of plant evolution by fine-tuning the amplitude of transposon mobility. {O}ur findings show that it is now possible to study induced transposon bursts in plants and unlock their use to induce epigenetic and genetic diversity for crop breeding.},
  keywords = {{E}pigenetics ; {DNA} methylation ; {G}enome integrity ; {E}volution ; {O}ryza sativa ; {A}rabidopsis thaliana},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}enome {B}iology},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {},
  pages = {134 [10 ]},
  ISSN = {1474-760{X}},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13059-017-1265-4},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070332},
}