@article{fdi:010070305,
  title = {{G}lomeromycota communities survive extreme levels of metal toxicity in an orphan mining site},
  author = {{S}anchez-{C}astro, {I}. and {G}ianinazzi-{P}earson, {V}. and {C}leyet-{M}arel, {J}. {C}. and {B}audoin, {E}z{\'e}kiel and van {T}uinen, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}bandoned tailing basins and waste heaps of orphan mining sites are of great concern since extreme metal contamination makes soil improper for any human activity and is a permanent threat for nearby surroundings. {A}lthough spontaneous revegetation can occur, the process is slow or unsuccessful and rhizostabilisation strategies to reduce dispersal of contaminated dust represent an option to rehabilitate such sites. {T}his requires selection of plants tolerant to such conditions, and optimization of their fitness and growth. {A}rbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ({AMF}) can enhance metal tolerance in moderately polluted soils, but their ability to survive extreme levels of metal contamination has not been reported. {T}his question was addressed in the tailing basin and nearby waste heaps of an orphan mining site in southern {F}rance, reaching in the tailing basin exceptionally high contents of zinc (ppm: 97,333 total) and lead (ppm: 31,333 total). {I}n order to contribute to a better understanding of {AMF} ecology under severe abiotic stress and to identify {AMF} associated with plants growing under such conditions, that may be considered in future revegetation and rhizostabilisation of highly polluted areas, nine plant species were sampled at different growing seasons and {AMF} root colonization was determined. {G}lomeromycota diversity was monitored in mycorrhizal roots by sequencing of the ribosomal {LSU}. {T}his first survey of {AMF} in such highly contaminated soils revealed the presence of several {AMF} ribotypes, belonging mainly to the {G}lomerales, with some examples from the {P}araglomerales and {D}iversisporales. {AMF} diversity and root colonization in the tailing basin were lower than in the less-contaminated waste heaps. {A} {P}araglomus species previously identified in a polish mining site was common in roots of different plants. {P}resence of active {AMF} in such an environment is an outstanding finding, which should be clearly considered for the design of efficient rhizostabilisation processes.},
  keywords = {{A}rbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; {H}eavy metal ; {Z}inc ; {P}hytostabilization ; {FRANCE} ; {ZONE} {MEDITERRANEENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cience of the {T}otal {E}nvironment},
  volume = {598},
  numero = {},
  pages = {121--128},
  ISSN = {0048-9697},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.084},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070305},
}