@article{fdi:010070304,
  title = {{T}race element concentrations along a gradient of urban pressure in forest and lawn soils of the {P}aris region ({F}rance)},
  author = {{F}oti, {L}. and {D}ubs, {F}lorence and {G}ignoux, {J}. and {L}ata, {J}. {C}. and {L}erch, {T}. {Z}. and {M}athieu, {J}. and {N}old, {F}. and {N}unan, {N}. and {R}aynaud, {X}. and {A}bbadie, {L}. and {B}arot, {S}{\'e}bastien},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he concentration, degree of contamination and pollution of 7 trace elements ({TE}s) along an urban pressure gradient were measured in 180 lawn and wood soils of the {P}aris region ({F}rance). {I}ron ({F}e), a major element, was used as reference element. {C}opper ({C}u), cadmium ({C}d), lead ({P}b) and zinc ({Z}n) were of anthropogenic origin, while arsenic ({A}s), chromium ({C}r) and nickel ({N}i) were of natural origin. {R}oad traffic was identified as the main source of anthropogenic {TE}s. {I}n addition, the industrial activity of the {P}aris region, especially cement plants, was identified as secondary source of {C}d. {S}oil characteristics (such as texture, organic carbon ({OC}) and total nitrogen (tot {N}) contents) tell the story of the soil origins and legacies along the urban pressure gradient and often can explain {TE} concentrations. {T}he history of the land-use types was identified as a factor that allowed understanding the contamination and pollution by {TE}s. {U}rban wood soils were found to be more contaminated and polluted than urban lawns, probably because woods are much older than lawns and because of the legacy of the historical management of soils in the {P}aris region ({H}aussmann period). {L}awn soils are similar to the fertile agricultural soils and relatively recently (mostly from the 1950s onwards) imported from the surrounding of {P}aris, so that they may be less influenced by urban conditions in terms of {TE} concentrations. {U}rban wood soils are heavily polluted by {C}d, posing a high risk to the biological communities. {T}he concentration of anthropogenic {TE}s increased from the rural to the urban areas, and the concentrations of most anthropogenic {TE}s in urban areas were equivalent to or above the regulatory reference values, raising the question of longer-term monitoring.},
  keywords = {{T}race elements ; {U}rban-rural gradient ; {S}oils ; {G}reen spaces ; {L}awns ; {F}orests ; {FRANCE} ; {PARIS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cience of the {T}otal {E}nvironment},
  volume = {598},
  numero = {},
  pages = {938--948},
  ISSN = {0048-9697},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.111},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070304},
}