@article{fdi:010070300,
  title = {{E}arthquake-triggered deposits in the subduction trench of the north {E}cuador/south {C}olombia margin and their implication for paleoseismology},
  author = {{M}igeon, {S}. and {G}aribaldi, {C}. and {R}atzov, {G}. and {S}chmidt, {S}. and {C}ollot, {J}ean-{Y}ves and {Z}aragosi, {S}. and {T}exier, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he north {E}cuador/south {C}olombia convergent margin is affected by recurrent subduction earthquakes with magnitudes >7.5, like the 1906, 1942, 1958, 1979 and 2016 events. {T}he subduction trench is characterized by the construction of the {E}smeraldas {T}urbidite {S}ystem ({ETS}) fed by the large {E}smeraldas {C}anyon that deeply incises the continental slope and that connects directly onshore with the {E}smeraldas {R}iver. {T}he detailed description of cores collected in the left-hand (western) proximal levee of the {ETS} and in two lobes allowed discriminating two types of coarse-grained deposits: (1) "classical" flood-generated turbidites are normally graded beds with structureless, laminated and cross-laminated intervals and high organic-matter content, while (2) earthquake induced deposits consist of amalgamated normally-graded laminated/cross-laminated intervals separated by erosive surfaces. {T}hese latter are interpreted to be deposited by quasi-synchronous flows generated during a single earthquake. {O}rganic matter is absent in such beds while ferromagnesian minerals and pumices are abundant, suggesting remobilization of the slope deposits. {W}hen two amalgamated beds are superimposed, the interbedded clayey interval is not bioturbated, suggesting a short time period between the beds deposition, and thus the impact of a major earthquake shock and following earthquakes on the triggering of landslides. {A}long the {ETS}, core-to-core correlation based on {P}b-210 excess revealed that 20th {C}entury sedimentation occurred mainly in the proximal levee. {T}here, a temporal relationship was established between the 1906,1942, and 1979 earthquakes, and three coarse-grained beds showing features of earthquake-induced turbidites, suggesting the {E}smeraldas {C}anyon was the main source for sediments to be remobilized during these earthquakes. {T}he fining and thinning observed between the 1906, 1942 and 1979 turbidites correlate with the increasing distance of the rupture zone of each earthquake with the {E}smeraldas {C}anyon. {E}arthquakes with magnitudes lower than 7 also affected the margin during the 20th {C}entury but were not recorded in the trench sedimentation, suggesting that the turbidite levee acts as a natural filter so that potentially the highest the levee the strongest the earthquake magnitude recorded. {A}t least ten earthquakes with the highest magnitudes were recorded on the turbidite levee within the last 800 years with a recurrence time ranging from about 268 years to 42-82 years, or less for the 20th {C}entury earthquakes. {T}he comparison of the main features of the 1906 turbidite with older earthquake-triggered turbidites identified in a core collected in the trench suggests that one or two earthquakes similar to the 1906 event might have occurred similar to 600 years ago.},
  keywords = {{C}olombia trench ; {E}arthquakes ; {T}urbidites ; {L}evee ; {P}b-210 excess ; {EQUATEUR} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {PACIFIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}arine {G}eology},
  volume = {384},
  numero = {},
  pages = {47--62},
  ISSN = {0025-3227},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.margeo.2016.09.008},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070300},
}