@article{fdi:010070068,
  title = {{S}oil carbon 4 per mille},
  author = {{M}inasny, {B}. and {M}alone, {B}. {P}. and {M}c{B}ratney, {A}. {B}. and {A}ngers, {D}. {A}. and {A}rrouays, {D}. and {C}hambers, {A}. and {C}haplot, {V}incent and {C}hen, {Z}. {S}. and {C}heng, {K}. and {D}as, {B}. {S}. and {F}ield, {D}. {J}. and {G}imona, {A}. and {H}edley, {C}. {B}. and {H}ong, {S}. {Y}. and {M}andal, {B}. and {M}archant, {B}. {P}. and {M}artin, {M}. and {M}c{C}onkey, {B}. {G}. and {M}ulder, {V}. {L}. and {O}'{R}ourke, {S}. and {R}icher-de-{F}orges, {A}. {C}. and {O}deh, {I}. and {P}adarian, {J}. and {P}austian, {K}. and {P}an, {G}. {X}. and {P}oggio, {L}. and {S}avin, {I}. and {S}tolbovoy, {V}. and {S}tockmann, {U}. and {S}ulaeman, {Y}. and {T}sui, {C}. {C}. and {V}agen, {T}. {G}. and van {W}esemael, {B}. and {W}inowiecki, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he '4 per mille {S}oils for {F}ood {S}ecurity and {C}limate' was launched at the {COP}21 with an aspiration to increase global soil organic matter stocks by 4 per 1000 (or 0.4 %) per year as a compensation for the global emissions of greenhouse gases by anthropogenic sources. {T}his paper surveyed the soil organic carbon ({SOC}) stock estimates and sequestration potentials from 20 regions in the world ({N}ew {Z}ealand, {C}hile, {S}outh {A}frica, {A}ustralia, {T}anzania, {I}ndonesia, {K}enya, {N}igeria, {I}ndia, {C}hina {T}aiwan, {S}outh {K}orea, {C}hina {M}ainland, {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica, {F}rance, {C}anada, {B}elgium, {E}ngland & {W}ales, {I}reland, {S}cotland, and {R}ussia). {W}e asked whether the 4 per mille initiative is feasible for the region. {T}he outcomes highlight region specific efforts and scopes for soil carbon sequestration. {R}eported soil {C} sequestration rates globally show that under best management practices, 4 per mille or even higher sequestration rates can be accomplished. {H}igh {C} sequestration rates (up to 10 per mille) can be achieved for soils with low initial {SOC} stock (topsoil less than 30 t {C} ha(-1)), and at the first twenty years after implementation of best management practices. {I}n addition, areas which have reached equilibrium will not be able to further increase their sequestration. {W}e found that most studies on {SOC} sequestration only consider topsoil (up to 0.3 m depth), as it is considered to be most affected by management techniques. {T}he 4 per mille number was based on a blanket calculation of the whole global soil profile {C} stock, however the potential to increase {SOC} is mostly on managed agricultural lands. {I}f we consider 4 per mille in the top 1m of global agricultural soils, {SOC} sequestration is between 2-3 {G}t {C} year(-1) which effectively offset 20-35% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. {A}s a strategy for climate change mitigation, soil carbon sequestration buys time over the next ten to twenty years while other effective sequestration and low carbon technologies become viable. {T}he challenge for croppihg farmers is to find disruptive technologies that will further improve soil condition and deliver increased soil carbon. {P}rogress in 4 per mille requires collaboration and communication between scientists, farmers, policy makers, and marketeers.},
  keywords = {{S}oil carbon ; {C}limate change ; {G}reenhouse gases ; {S}oil carbon sequestration ; {MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eoderma},
  volume = {292},
  numero = {},
  pages = {59--86},
  ISSN = {0016-7061},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.geoderma2017.01.002},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070068},
}