@article{fdi:010070055,
  title = {4-nitroso-sulfamethoxazole generation in soil under denitrifying conditions : field observations versus laboratory results},
  author = {{B}rienza, {M}onica and {D}uwig, {C}{\'e}line and {P}erez, {S}. and {C}hiron, {S}erge},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he formation of 4-nitroso-sulfamethoxazole and 4-nitro-{SMX}, two transformation products ({TP}s) of sulfamethoxazole ({SMX}) was investigated under batch soil slurry experiments and in a field study. {D}ue to their low occurrence levels (ng/{L}) in environmental waters, a suitable analytical method based on liquid chromatography - high resolution - mass spectrometry was developed. {C}onsequently, field observations revealed, for the first time, the occurrence of 4-nitroso-{SMX} in groundwater at concentrations as high as 18 ng/{L}.{N}itric oxide ({NO} center dot) steady-state concentrations were determined in soil slurry experiments because this reactive specie accounted for the formation of 4-nitroso-{SMX} and 4-nitro-{SMX}. {M}easurements revealed that environmental {SMX} concentrations (0.2-2 mu g/{L}) at neutral p{H} induced the accumulation of nitric oxide. {U}nder acidic conditions (p{H}< 6), nitrous acid ({HONO}) was the major source of nitric oxide while under neutral/basic conditions nitric oxide release was related to the inhibition of denitrification processes. {U}nder laboratory experiments, {SMX} nitration reaction appeared to be an irreversible transformation pathway, while 4-nitroso-{SMX} was slowly transformed over time. {T}he occurrence of 4-nitroso-{SMX} conditions was therefore unexpected in the field study but could be due to its continuous input from soil and/or its relative persistence under anoxic conditions. {A} mechanism for 4-nitroso-{SMX} formation was proposed involving a nitrosative desamination pathway through a phenyl radical.},
  keywords = {{S}ulfamethoxazole ; {N}itric oxide ; {S}oil ; {N}itrosation ; {D}enitrification ; {BOLIVIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {H}azardous {M}aterials},
  volume = {334},
  numero = {},
  pages = {185--192},
  ISSN = {0304-3894},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.015},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070055},
}