@article{fdi:010069606,
  title = {{C}ytotoxic effects of environmental toxins on human glial cells},
  author = {{D}'{M}ello, {F}. and {B}raidy, {N}. and {M}arcal, {H}. and {G}uillemin, {G}. and {R}ossi, {F}. and {C}hinian, {M}. and {L}aurent, {D}ominique and {T}eo, {C}. and {N}eilan, {B}. {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}oxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates have increasingly become a public health concern due to their degenerative effects on mammalian tissue and cells. {I}n particular, emerging evidence has called attention to the neurodegenerative effects of the cyanobacterial toxin beta-{N}-methylamino-{L}-alanine ({BMAA}). {O}ther toxins such as the neurotoxins saxitoxin and ciguatoxin, as well as the hepatotoxic microcystin, have been previously shown to have a range of effects upon the nervous system. {H}owever, the capacity of these toxins to cause neurodegeneration in human cells has not, to our knowledge, been previously investigated. {T}his study aimed to examine the cytotoxic effects of {BMAA}, microcystin-{LR} ({MC}-{LR}), saxitoxin ({STX}) and ciguatoxin ({CTX}-1{B}) on primary adult human astrocytes. {W}e also demonstrated that alpha-lipoate attenuated {MC}-{LR} toxicity in primary astrocytes and characterised changes in gene expression which could potentially be caused by these toxins in primary astrocytes. {H}erein, we are the first to show that all of these toxins are capable of causing physiological changes consistent with neurodegeneration in glial cells, via oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, leading to a reduction in cell proliferation culminating in cell death. {I}n addition, {MC}-{LR} toxicity was reduced significantly in astrocytes-treated alpha-lipoic acid. {W}hile there were no significant changes in gene expression, many of the probes that were altered were associated with neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. {O}verall, this is important in advancing our current understanding of the mechanism of toxicity of {MC}-{LR} on human brain function in vitro, particularly in the context of neurodegeneration.},
  keywords = {{C}yanobacteria ; {N}eurodegeneration ; {M}icrocystin ; {G}lial cells ; {N}euroinflammation ; {O}xidative stress},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{N}eurotoxicity {R}esearch},
  volume = {31},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {245--258},
  ISSN = {1029-8428},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1007/s12640-016-9678-5},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069606},
}