@article{fdi:010069505,
  title = {{L}ivestock induces strong spatial heterogeneity of soil {CO}2, {N}2{O} and {CH}4 emissions within a semi-arid sylvo-pastoral landscape in {W}est {A}frica},
  author = {{A}ssouma, {M}. {H}. and {S}erca, {D}. and {G}u{\'e}rin, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {B}lanfort, {V}. and {L}ecomte, {P}. and {T}oure, {I}. and {I}ckowicz, {A}. and {M}anlay, {R}. {J}. and {B}ernoux, {M}artial and {V}ayssieres, {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{G}reenhouse gas ({GHG}) emissions from the surface soils and surface water receiving animal excreta may be important components of the {GHG} balance of terrestrial ecosystems, but the associated processes are poorly documented in tropical environments, especially in tropical arid and semi-arid areas. {A} typical sylvo-pastoral landscape in the semi-arid zone of {S}enegal, {W}est {A}frica, was investigated in this study. {T}he study area (706 km{A}(2) of managed pastoral land) was a circular zone with a radius of 15 km centered on a borehole used to water livestock. {T}he landscape supports a stocking rate ranging from 0.11 to 0.39 tropical livestock units per hectare depending on the seasonal movements of the livestock. {S}ix landscape units were investigated (land in the vicinity of the borehole, natural ponds, natural rangelands, forest plantations, settlements, and enclosed plots). {C}arbon dioxide ({CO}2), nitrous oxide ({N}2{O}) and methane ({CH}4) fluxes were measured with static chambers set up at 13 sites covering the six landscape units, and the 13 sites are assumed to be representative of the spatial heterogeneity of the emissions. {A} total of 216 fluxes were measured during the one-year study period ({M}ay 2014 to {A}pril 2015). {A}t the landscape level, soils and surface water emitted an average 19.8 t {C}-{CO}2 eq/(hm(2).a) ({CO}2: 82%, {N}2{O}: 15%, and {CH}4: 3%), but detailed results revealed notable spatial heterogeneity of {GHG} emissions. {CO}2 fluxes ranged from 1148.2 (+/- 91.6) mg/(m(2).d) in rangelands to 97,980.2 (+/- 14,861.7) mg/(m(2).d) in surface water in the vicinity of the borehole. {N}2{O} fluxes ranged from 0.6 (+/- 0.1) mg/(m(2).d) in forest plantations to 22.6 (+/- 10.8) mg/(m(2).d) in the vicinity of the borehole. {CH}4 fluxes ranged from-3.2 (+/- 0.3) mg/(m(2).d) in forest plantations to 8788.5 (+/- 2295.9) mg/(m(2).d) from surface water in the vicinity of the borehole. {T}his study identified {GHG} emission "hot spots" in the landscape. {E}missions from the surface soils were significantly higher in the landscape units most frequently used by the animals, i.e., in the vicinity of the borehole and settlements; and emissions measured from surface water in the vicinity of the borehole and from natural ponds were on average about 10 times higher than soil emissions.},
  keywords = {greenhouse gases ; soil ; surface water ; livestock ; landscape ; {S}enegal ; {SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}rid {L}and},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {210--221},
  ISSN = {1674-6767},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1007/s40333-017-0001-y},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069505},
}