@article{fdi:010069465,
  title = {{M}assive increase in the use of drifting {F}ish {A}ggregating {D}evices (d{FAD}s) by tropical tuna purse seine fisheries in the {A}tlantic and {I}ndian oceans},
  author = {{M}aufroy, {A}. and {K}aplan, {D}avid and {B}ez, {N}icolas and {D}e {M}olina, {A}. {D}. and {M}urua, {H}. and {F}loch, {L}aurent and {C}hassot, {E}mmanuel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}ince the mid-1990s, drifting {F}ish {A}ggregating {D}evices (d{FAD}s), artificial floating objects designed to aggregate fish, have become an important mean by which purse seine fleets catch tropical tunas. {M}ass deployment of d{FAD}s, as well as the massive use of {GPS} buoys to track d{FAD}s and natural floating objects, has raised serious concerns for the state of tropical tuna stocks and ecosystem functioning. {H}ere, we combine tracks from a large proportion of the {F}rench {GPS} buoys from the {I}ndian and {A}tlantic oceans with data from observers aboard {F}rench and {S}panish purse seiners and {F}rench logbook data to estimate the total number of d{FAD}s and {GPS} buoys used within the main fishing grounds of these two oceans over the period 2007-2013. {I}n the {A}tlantic {O}cean, the total number of d{FAD}s increased from 1175 d{FAD}s active in {J}anuary 2007 to 8575 d{FAD}s in {A}ugust 2013. {I}n the {I}ndian {O}cean, this number increased from 2250 d{FAD}s in {O}ctober 2007 to 10 300 d{FAD}s in {S}eptember 2013. {I}n both oceans, at least a fourfold increase in the number of d{FAD}s was observed over the 7-year study period. {T}hough the relative proportion of natural to artificial floating objects varied over space, with some areas such as the {M}ozambique {C}hannel and areas adjacent to the mouths of the {N}iger and {C}ongo rivers being characterized by a relatively high percentage of natural objects, in no region do d{FAD}s represent <50% of the floating objects and the proportion of natural objects has dropped over time as d{FAD} deployments have increased. {G}lobally, this increased d{FAD} use represents a major change to the pelagic ecosystem that needs to be closely followed in order to assess its impacts and avoid negative ecosystem consequences.},
  keywords = {fish aggregating device ; fishing effort ; fishing strategy ; {GPS} buoys ; observers' data ; {ATLANTIQUE} ; {OCEAN} {INDIEN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{ICES} {J}ournal of {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {74},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {215--225},
  ISSN = {1054-3139},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1093/icesjms/fsw175},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069465},
}