@article{fdi:010069457,
  title = {{T}reating leishmaniasis in {A}mazonia : a review of ethnomedicinal concepts and pharmaco-chemical analysis of traditional treatments to inspire modern phytotherapies},
  author = {{O}donne, {G}. and {H}ou{\¨e}l, {E}. and {B}ourdy, {G}enevi{\`e}ve and {S}tien, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{E}thnopharmacological relevance: {C}utaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases that occur in all intertropical regions of the world. {A}mazonian populations have developed an abundant knowledge of the disease and its remedies. {T}herefore, we undertook to review traditional antileishmanial plants in {A}mazonia and have developed new tools to analyze this somewhat dispersed information. {M}aterial and methods: {A} literature review of traditional remedies for cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the {A}mazon was conducted and the data obtained was used to calculate distribution indexes designed to highlight the most relevant uses in {A}mazonia. {T}he cultural distribution index represents the distribution rate of a given taxon among different cultural groups and was calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the taxon to the total number of groups cited. {T}he geographical distribution index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of a taxon's uses in {A}mazonia and was calculated geometrically by measuring the average distance between the points where uses have been reported and the barycenter of those points. {T}he general distribution index was defined as an arithmetic combination of the previous two and provides information on both cultural and spatial criteria. {R}esults: 475 use reports, concerning 291 botanical species belonging to 83 families have been gathered depicted from 29 sources. {U}ses concern 34 cultural groups. {W}hile the use of some taxa appears to be {P}an {A}mazonian, some others are clearly restricted to small geographical regions. {P}articular attention has been paid to the recipes and beliefs surrounding treatments. {T}opical application of the remedies dominated the other means of administration and this deserves particular attention as the main treatments against {N}eotropical leishmaniasis are painful systemic injections. {T}he data set was analyzed using the previously defined distribution indexes and the most relevant taxa were further discussed from a phytochemical and pharmacological point of view. {C}onclusions: {T}he {A}mazonian biodiversity and cultural heritage host a fantastic amount of data whose systematic investigation should allow a better large-scale understanding of the dynamics of traditional therapies and the consequent discovery of therapeutic solutions for neglected diseases. {D}istribution indices are indeed powerful tools for emphasizing the most relevant treatments against a given disease and should be very useful in the meta-analysis of other regional pharmacopeia. {T}his focus on renowned remedies that have not yet benefitted from extended laboratory studies, could stimulate future research on new treatments of natural origin for leishmaniasis.},
  keywords = {{E}thnomedecine ; {M}edicinal plants ; {D}istribution indexes ; {I}nterculturality ; {L}eishmaniasis ; {T}raditional medicine ; {A}mazonia ; {BOLIVIE} ; {BRESIL} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {EQUATEUR} ; {GUYANE} {FRANCAISE} ; {GUYANA} ; {PEROU} ; {SURINAME} ; {VENEZUELA} ; {AMAZONIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {E}thnopharmacology},
  volume = {199},
  numero = {},
  pages = {211--230},
  ISSN = {0378-8741},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.048},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069457},
}