@article{fdi:010069422,
  title = {{L}ong-term monitoring of ocean deep convection using multisensors altimetry and ocean color satellite data},
  author = {{H}errmann, {M}arine and {A}uger, {P}. {A}. and {U}lses, {C}. and {E}stournel, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}eep convection occurs in oceanic regions submitted to strong atmospheric buoyancy losses and results in the formation of deep water masses ({DWF}) of the ocean circulation. {I}t shows a strong interannual variability, and could drastically weaken under the influence of climate change. {I}n this study, a method is proposed to monitor quantitatively deep convection using multisensors altimetry and ocean color satellite data. {I}t is applied and evaluated for the well-observed {N}orthwestern {M}editerranean {S}ea ({NWMS}) case study. {F}or that, a coupled hydrodynamical-biogeochemical numerical simulation is used to examine the signature of {DWF} on sea level anomaly ({SLA}) and surface chlorophyll concentration. {S}tatistically significant correlations between {DWF} annual indicators and the areas of low surface chlorophyll concentration and low {SLA} in winter are obtained, and linear relationships between those indicators and areas are established. {T}hese relationships are applied to areas of low {SLA} and low chlorophyll concentration computed, respectively, from a 27 year altimetry data set and a 19 year ocean color data set. {T}he first long time series (covering the last 2 decades) of {DWF} indicators obtained for the {NWMS} from satellite observations are produced. {M}odel biases and smoothing effect induced by the low resolution of gridded altimetry data are partly taken into account by using corrective methods. {C}omparison with winter atmospheric heat flux and previous modeled and observed estimates of {DWF} indicators suggests that those {DWF} indicators time series capture realistically {DWF} interannual variability in the {NWMS}. {T}he advantages as well as the weaknesses and uncertainties of the method are finally discussed.},
  keywords = {{MEDITERRANEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {O}ceans},
  volume = {122},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {1457--1475},
  ISSN = {2169-9275},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1002/2016jc011833},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069422},
}