@article{fdi:010069236,
  title = {{S}easonal sea-surface carbon dioxide in the {A}zores area},
  author = {{R}ios, {A}. {F}. and {P}erez, {F}. {F}. and {A}lvarez, {M}. and {M}introp, {L}. and {G}onzalez {D}avila, {M}. and {C}asiano, {J}. {M}. {S}. and {L}efevre, {N}athalie and {W}atson, {A}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he seasonal evolution of total inorganic carbon and {CO}2 air-sea fluxes in the {E}astern {N}orth {A}tlantic {S}ubtropical {G}yre ({A}zores area) was investigated by means of studying a data set from 10 cruises covering a seasonal cycle. {M}onthly {CO}2 fugacity was modelled as a function of surface temperature and month for 1998. {S}o, the seasonal cycle of {CO}2 and its air-sea fluxes were obtained using monthly average surface data in the area. {O}ver the year, the {A}zores area (2.25 (.) 10(12) m(2)) acts as a weak net sink of {CO}2 (0.38 mmol m(-2) day(-1)). {F}rom {D}ecember to {M}ay, the zone is a rather strong sink for {CO}2 (10.3 mmol m(-2) day(-1)), while between {J}une and {N}ovember, it behaves as a {CO}2 {S}ource (9.9 mmol m(-2) day(-1)), {A}ugust presents the highest outgassing (3.88 mmol m(-2) day(-1)). {M}oreover, a box budget was established to evaluate the relative contribution of the physical and biological processes affecting the seasonal {CO}2 variability in the mixed layer of the {A}zores area. {T}he most important contributor to the average mass balance {O}f {CO}2 {W}as the mixing with the lower layer (7.8 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) and biological activity (-8.9 mmol m(-2) day(-1)). {C}onversely, air-sea exchange (0.17 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) and advection (1.7 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) contribute with a very small input. {T}here is a strong coupling between biological activity, advection, and mixing in the mixed layer depth. {T}he biological activity is supported by mixing and advection that provide {CO}2 and nutrients to the mixed layer, so we combine the three processes in only one term ({D}elta {C}-{AMB}) that represents the net biology production in the water column, and re-evaluated the {CO}2 mass balance to discriminate the importance of the physical and biological contributions. {T}he effect of temperature, wind, and net biological process contribute in 42%, 12%, and 46%, respectively, to the explained variance of total {CO}2 mass balance in the upper layer. (c) 2004 {E}lsevier {B}.{V}. {A}ll rights reserved.},
  keywords = {{CO}2 fluxes ; seasonal variability ; advection ; mixing ; air sea exchange ; biological activity ; {A}zores},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}arine {C}hemistry},
  volume = {96},
  numero = {1-2},
  pages = {35--51},
  ISSN = {0304-4203},
  year = {2005},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.marchem.2004.11.001},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069236},
}